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毛洋槐Robinia hispida Linn.

花匠小妙招
2025-03-30 01:08

别名：bristly locust;紫雀花;粉花洋槐;无刺槐;江南槐;毛刺槐;粉花刺槐;红毛洋槐;

科名：豆科 Leguminosae

属名：刺槐属 Robinia

《中国植物志》第40卷229页
  2.毛洋槐（华北经济植物志要）图版71：9-17
  Robina hispida Linn. Mant. 101. 1767; Hayek in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 30: 771. 1927; Rehd. Man.-Cult. Trees & Shrubs 508. 1940; 华北经济植物志要228. 1955.——R. fertilis Ashe in Rhodora 25: 182. 1922.——R. grandiflora Ashe, 1. c.——R. longiloba Ashe, 1. c.——R. pallida Ashe, 1. c.——R. speciosa Ashe, 1. c. 181.
  落叶灌木，高1-3米。幼枝绿色，密被紫红色硬腺毛及白色曲柔毛，二年生枝深灰褐色，密被褐色刚毛，毛长2-5毫米，羽状复叶长15-30厘米；叶轴被刚毛及白色短曲柔毛，上面有沟槽；小叶5-7 (-8)对，椭圆形、卵形、阔卵形至近圆形，长1.8-5厘米，宽1.5-3.5厘米，通常叶轴下部1对小叶最小，两端圆，先端芒尖，幼嫩时上面暗红色，后变绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，中脉疏被毛；小叶柄被白色柔毛；小托叶芒状，宿存。总状花序腋生，除花冠外，均被紫红色腺毛及白色细柔毛，花3-8朵；总花梗长4-8.5厘米；苞片卵状披针形，长5-6毫米，有时上部3裂，先端渐尾尖，早落；花萼紫红色，斜钟形，萼筒长约5毫米，萼齿卵状三角形，长3-6毫米，先端尾尖至钻状；花冠红色至玫瑰红色，花瓣具柄，旗瓣近肾形，长约2厘米，宽约3厘米，先端凹缺，翼瓣镰形；长约2厘米，龙骨瓣近三角形，长约1.5厘米，先端圆，前缘合生，与翼瓣均具耳；雄蕊二体，对旗瓣的1枚分离，花药椭圆形；子房近圆柱形，长约1.5厘米，密布腺状突起，沿缝线微被柔毛，柱头顶生，胚珠多数，荚果线形，长5-8厘米，宽8-12毫米，扁平，密被腺刚毛，先端急尖，果颈短，有种子3-5粒。花期5-6月，果期7-10月。
  原产北美，我国北京、天津、陕西武功、南京和辽宁熊岳等地有少量引种。
  花大色美，供观赏。
  本种据文献记载，在原产地的自然状态下也罕见结果。这可能是与雄蕊缺少发育正常的花粉有关。故通常以嫁接或根蘖繁殖。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Robinia hispida Linnaeus Mant. Pl. 1: 101. 1767.
毛洋槐 mao yang huai
Shrubs, 1-3 m tall, deciduous. Young branches green, densely appressed purple scabrous glandular hairy and white pi-lose; biennial branches dark gray-brown, densely brown bristly, 2-5 mm. Leaves 15-30 cm; rachis appressed bristly and white curled pubescent, adaxially grooved; petiolule appressed white pubescent; stipel aristiform, persistent; leaflets 5-7(or 8) pairs; leaflet blades elliptic, ovate, broadly ovate, or suborbicular, 1.8-5 × 1.5-3.5 cm, often basal pair of leaflets on rachis smaller, glabrous, abaxially grayish green, adaxially dark red when young but later turning green, midvein abaxially with sparse appressed trichomes, base rounded, apex rounded and aristiform. Racemes axillary, all but corolla appressed purple glandular hairy and white pubescent, 3-8-flowered; peduncle 4-8.5 cm; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 mm, caducous, sometimes apical ones 3-lobed, apex gradually caudate. Calyx purple, obliquely cam-panulate; tube ca. 5 mm; teeth triangular, 3-6 mm, apex caudate to subulate. Corolla red to rosy. Petals stipitate; standard sub-reniform, ca. 2 × 3 cm, apex with a sinus; wings falcate, ca. 2 cm, auriculate; keel nearly triangular, ca. 1.5 cm, apex rounded, connate at leading edge, auriculate. Stamens diadelphous, one opposite to standard free; anthers elliptic. Ovary subterete, ca. 1.5 cm, with densely appressed adenose papillae, faintly pilose along sutures, many ovuled; stigma terminal. Legume linear, 5-8 × 8-12 mm, compressed, 3-5-seeded, with dense appressed bristles, carpopodium short, apex acute. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Cultivated in at least Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, and Zhejiang [native to C and E North America].
This species is grown as an ornamental.This species is grown as an ornamental.