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江西不同种植模式下播期对水稻主茎颖花的影响

花匠小妙招
2025-05-01 14:50

摘要：

以江西水稻主栽品种为试验材料，于2018−2021年在南昌县开展分期播种试验，分析播期对早稻、中稻、再生稻及晚稻种植模式主茎一、二次枝梗数及总颖花生长的影响。结果表明：早稻和再生稻种植模式播种−抽穗期所需生长时间随播期推迟呈缩短趋势，晚稻种植模式随播期推迟呈延长趋势。各种植模式下播期对主茎一、二次枝梗数和总颖花数有极显著影响（P＜0.01），早稻和再生稻种植模式适时早播有利于增加主茎一、二次枝梗数和总颖花数，中稻和晚稻种植模式过早过晚播种均不利于一、二次枝梗数和总颖花数的提高。各种植模式二次枝梗数与主茎总颖花数呈极显著相关关系（P＜0.01）；一次枝梗数与中稻、再生稻和晚稻种植模式主茎总颖花数呈显著相关关系（P＜0.05），但与早稻种植模式主茎总颖花数相关性不显著；各种植模式相关系数表现为二次枝梗数＞一次支梗数。各种植模式二次枝梗数对总颖花数的贡献率大于一次枝梗数。综上，江西各种植模式下播期对主茎一、二次枝梗数和总颖花数影响较大，本试验条件下，早稻和再生稻种植模式将播期分别提前至3月11日和3月15日，中稻和晚稻种植模式播种期分别安排在5月15日和6月20−23日，有利于提高主茎一、二次枝梗数，从而增加总颖花数。

关键词: 种植模式, 播期, 枝梗, 颖花

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of sowing date on rice spikelets of main stem under different planting pattern (early−season rice, mid−season rice, ratoon rice and late−season rice planting pattern), an experiment with four sowing dates were conducted from 2018 to 2022 in Nanchang, Jiangxi province, in which the main varieties grown in Jiangxi were used. The results showed that the growth time required from sowing to heading stage for early−season rice and ratoon rice planting patterns showed a shortening trend with the sowing date were delayed, while the late−season rice planting pattern showed a longer trend with the sowing date were delayed. The sowing date had an extremely significantly (P<0.01) impact on the number of primary branches, secondary branches, and total spikelets on main stem under four planting patterns. Timely and early sowing of early-season rice and ratoon rice planting pattern were beneficial to increasing the number of primary branches, secondary branches, and total spikelets on main stem. Sowing early or late in middle−season rice and late−season rice planting pattern were not conducive to the increase of the number of primary branches, secondary branches, and total spikelets on main stem. There were an extremely significantly (P<0.01) correlation between the number of secondary branches and the total spikelets on main stems in four planting pattern. there were a significant correlation between the number of primary branches and the total spikelets on main stem in the middle−season rice, ratoon rice and late−season rice planting patterns (P<0.05), but the correlation with the total spikelets on main stem of early−season rice planting pattern was not significant. The correlation coefficient showed that the number of secondary branches > the number of primary branches. Path analysis showed that the contribution rate of the number of secondary branches to the total spikelets on main stem in each planting pattern were greater than the number of primary branches. In summary, the sowing date of four planting patterns in Jiangxi had a great impact on the number of primary branches, secondary branches, and total spikelets on main stem. It was necessary to reasonably arrange the sowing dates of four rice planting pattern. Among them, under the conditions of this experiment, the sowing dates of early−season rice and ratoon rice planting pattern were suitable to been advanced to March 11 and March 15 respectively, and the sowing dates of middle-season rice and late-season rice planting pattern were suitable to been arranged on May 15 and June 20−23 respectively, and it was beneficial to increase the number of primary and secondary branches, and then increased the total spikelets on main stem.

Key words: Planting pattern, Sowing date, Branches, Spikelets