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纹瓣兰Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw.

花匠小妙招
2025-05-01 18:51

别名：硬叶吊兰;剑兰;硬叶兰;

科名：兰科 Orchidaceae

属名：兰属 Cymbidium

《中国植物志》第18卷194页
  1.纹瓣兰（植物分类学报）图版33：1-3
  Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. in Nov. Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 73. 1799; King et Pantl. in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 189. pl. 252. 1898; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 4: 74. fig. 37, 38a. 1914; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 26 (1, 2): 134. 1973; Seth in Kew Bull. 37: 399. t. 2a. 1982; Seidenf. in Opera Bot. 72: 77. fig. 43. Pl. 5a. 1983, et 114: 338. 1992; Du Puy et Cribb, Genus Cymbidium 62. pl. 154, phot. 48, 49. fig. 15 (1). 1988;中国兰花全书58.图5-3.彩图5-1, 2. 1998. ——Epidendrum aloifolium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 953. 1753. ——Epidendrum pendulum Roxb., Pl. Coast Coromandel 1: 35. t. 44. 1795. ——Cymbidium pendulum (Roxb.) Sw. l. c.; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 745.图8319. 1976.——Cymbidium simulans Rolfe in Orch. Rev. 25: 175. 1917; Y. S. WuetS. C. Chen in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18 (3): 300. fig. 3 (6). 1980. ——Cymbidium atropurpureum auct. non (Lindl.) Rolfe: 厦门兰谱A4. 1964.
  附生植物；假鳞茎卵球形，长3-6（-10)厘米，宽2.5-4厘米，通常包藏于叶基之内。叶4-5枚，带形，厚革质，坚挺，略外弯，长40-90厘米，宽1.5-4厘米，先端不等的2圆裂或2钝裂，关节位于距基部8-16厘米处。花葶从假鳞茎基部穿鞘而出，下垂，长20-60厘米；总状花序具（15-）20-35朵花；花苞片长2-5毫米；花梗和子房长1.2-2厘米；花略小，稍有香气；萼片与花瓣淡黄色至奶油黄色，中央有1条栗褐色宽带和若干条纹，唇瓣白色或奶油黄色而密生栗褐色纵纹；萼片狭长圆形至狭椭圆形，长1.5-2厘米，宽4-6毫米；花瓣略短于萼片，狭椭圆形；唇瓣近卵形，长1.3-2厘米，3裂，基部多少囊状，上面有小乳突或微柔毛；侧裂片超出蕊柱与药帽之上，中裂片外弯；唇盘上有2条纵褶片，略弯曲，中部变窄或有时断开，末端和基部膨大；蕊柱长1-1.2厘米，略向前弧曲；花粉团2个。蒴果长圆状椭圆形，长3.5-6.5厘米，宽2-3厘米。花期4-5月，偶见10月。
  产广东、广西、贵州和云南东南部至南部。生疏林中或灌木丛中树上或溪谷旁岩壁上，海拔100-1100米。从斯里兰卡北至尼泊尔，东至印度尼西亚爪哇，均有分布。模式为后选的图，见Hortus Indicus Malabaricus 12 (8): t. 8. 1703.
形态特征：附生植物；假鳞茎卵球形，长3--6(--10)厘米，宽2．5--4厘米，通常包藏于叶基之内。叶4--5枚，带形，厚革质，坚挺，略外弯，长40--90厘米，宽1．5--4厘米，先端不等的2圆裂或2钝裂，关节位于距基部8—16厘米处。花葶从假鳞茎基部穿鞘而出，下垂，长20--60厘米；总状花序具(15一)20—35朵花；花苞片长2--5毫米；花梗和子房长1．2--2厘米；花略小，稍有香气；萼片与花瓣淡黄色至奶油黄色，中央有1条栗褐色宽带和若干条纹，唇瓣白色或奶油黄色而密生栗褐色纵纹；萼片狭长圆形至狭椭圆形，长1．5—2厘米，宽4—6毫米；花瓣略短于萼片，狭椭圆形；唇瓣近卵形，长1．3--2厘米，3裂，基部多少囊状，上面有小乳突或微柔毛；侧裂片超出蕊柱与药帽之上，中裂片外弯；唇盘上有2条纵褶片，略弯曲，中部变窄或有时断开，末端和基部膨大；蕊柱长1—1．2厘米，略向前弧曲；花粉团2个。蒴果长圆状椭圆形，长 3．5—6．5厘米，宽2—3厘米。花期4—5月，偶见10月。
产地分布：产广东、广西、贵州和云南东南部至南部。生疏林中或灌木丛中树上或溪谷旁岩壁上，海拔100—1100米。从斯里兰卡北至尼泊尔，东至印度尼西亚爪哇，均有分布。模式为后选的图，见Hortus Indicus Malaricus 12(8)：t.8．1703．
参考文献：Cymbidium aloifolium(L．)Sw．in Nov．Acta Soc．Sd．Upsal．6；73．1799； Kinget Pand．In Ann．Bot．Gard．Cacutta 8：189．Pl．252．1898；Hayata，Icon． P1．Formos．4：74．Ng．37，38a．1914；S．Y．Hu in Quart．J．Taiwan Mus．26 (1，2)：134．1973；Seth in Kew Bull．37：399．T．2a．1982；Seidenf．In Opera Bot． 72：77．Ng．43．Pl. 5a．1983，et 114：338．1992；Du Puy et Cribb，Genus Cymbid- ium 62．P1，154，phot．48，49．Fig．15(1)．1988；中国兰花全书58．图5—3．彩图5——1，2．1998．--Epidendrum aloilolium L，Sp．pl．2：953．1753．——Epi- dendrum pendulum Roxb，P1．Coast Commandel 1：35．T. 44．1795．--Cymbidi- um pendulum(Roxb．)Sw．1．C．；中国高等植物图鉴5：745．图8319．1976．—— Cymbidium simulans Rolfe in Orch．Rev．25：175．1917；Y．S．Wu et S．C．Chen in Acta Phytotax．Sin．18(3)：300．Fig．3(6)．1980．--Cymbidium atropur- pureum auct．Non(Lindl．)Rolh：厦门兰谱A4．1964．

《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Cymbidium aloifolium (Linnaeus) Swartz Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2. 6: 73. 1799.
纹瓣兰 wen ban lan
Epidendrum aloifolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 953. 1753; Cymbidium pendulum (Roxburgh) Swartz; C. simulans Rolfe; E. pendulum Roxburgh.
Plants epiphytic, autotrophic. Pseudobulbs ovoid, bilaterally flattened, 3-6(-10) × 2.5-4 cm, usually enclosed in leaf bases. Leaves 4 or 5, lorate, 40-90 × 1.5-4(-6) cm, thickly leathery, articulate 8-16 cm from base, apex obtuse and unequally 2-lobed. Inflorescence arising from within sheaths at base of pseudobulb, pendulous, 20-60 cm; rachis (20-)25-35-flowered; floral bracts 2-5 mm. Flowers slightly fragrant, medium-sized; pedicel and ovary 12-20 mm; sepals and petals pale yellow to cream-yellow, with a broad, central maroon-brown stripe; lip white or cream-colored, with dense, maroon venation on lateral lobes and longitudinal maroon stripes on mid-lobe. Sepals spreading, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic, 15-20 × 4-6 mm, apex obtuse. Petals narrowly elliptic, 14-18 × 4-6 mm, apex obtuse to acute; lip subovate, 13-20 mm, not fused to basal margins of column, base slightly saccate, 3-lobed; lateral lobes acute, loosely clasping column and exceeding column and anther; mid-lobe recurved; disk minutely papillate or puberulent, with 2 sigmoid lamellae; lamellae usually broken in middle and inflated toward base and apex. Column slightly arcuate, 10-12 mm; pollinia 2. Capsule oblong-ellipsoid, 35-65 × 20-30 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug. 2n = 40*.
Large branches or tree trunks in open forests and thickets, cliffs along streamsides and valleys, rocks in monsoon forests; 100-1100 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S and SE Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].