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大花韭Allium macranthum Baker

花匠小妙招
2025-05-08 16:36

大花韭Allium macranthum Baker

别名：薤白;薤根;小根蒜;野韭菜;

科名：百合科 Liliaceae

属名：葱属 Allium

《中国植物志》第14卷212页
  12. 大花韭图36
  Allium macranthum Baker in Journ. of Bot. 12: 293. 1874; et in Bot. Mag. t. 6789. 1884; Stearn in Bull. Brit. Mus. Bot. 2 (6) 186. 1960.——A. oviflorum Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. 8: 658. 1884.——A. simethis Levl. et Giravdias ex Levl. in Rep. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 288. 1913.
  鳞茎圆柱状，具粗壮的根；鳞茎外皮白色，膜质，不裂或很少破裂成纤维状。叶条形，扁平，具明显的中脉，近与花葶等长，宽4-10毫米。花葶棱柱状，具2-3纵稜或窄翅，高20-50 (60) 厘米，中部粗 (1.5-) 2-3.5毫米，下部被叶鞘；总苞2-3裂，早落；伞形花序少花，松散；小花梗近等长，比花被片长2-5倍，顶端常俯垂，基部无小苞片；花钟状开展，红紫色至紫色；花被片长8-12毫米，先端平截或凹缺，外轮的宽矩圆形，舟状，内轮的卵状矩圆形，比外轮的稍长而狭；花丝等长，略长于或等长于花被片，锥形，在最基部合生并与花被片贴生；子房倒卵状球形，顶端有时具6枚角状突起；花柱伸出花被。花果期8-10月。
  产陕西（南部）、甘肃（西南部）、四川（西南部）、云南（西北部）和西藏（东南部）。生于海拔2700-4200米的草坡、河滩或草甸上。锡金也有分布。
  本种以长的小花梗，大而下垂的花极易识别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Allium macranthum Baker
大花韭 da hua jiu
Allium oviflorum Regel; A. simethis H. Léveillé & Giraudias.
Roots rather short, thick. Bulb solitary, cylindric; tunic membranous, entire, rarely fibrous. Leaves subequaling scape, 4--10 mm wide, midvein distinct. Scape terminal, 20--60 cm, 2- or 3-angled, sometimes narrowly winged, covered with leaf sheaths only at base. Spathe 2- or 3-valved, deciduous. Umbel laxly few flowered. Pedicels subequal, 2--5 × as long as perianth, ebracteolate, apex nodding. Perianth spreading-campanulate, red-purple to purple; outer segments oblong, boat-shaped, shorter and wider than inner ones, 9--11.5 × 5--8 mm, apex truncate or retuse; inner ones narrowly ovate-oblong, 10.2--12 × 4--6 mm. Filaments subulate, equal, equaling to slightly longer than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments. Ovary obovoid-globose, apex sometimes 6-horned; ovules 2 per locule. Style much longer than ovary, exserted; stigma punctiform. Fl. and fr. Aug--Oct. 2 n = 14, 28.
Meadows, stream banks, damp places; 2700--4200 m. SW Gansu, S Shaanxi, SW Sichuan, S Xizang (Yadong Xian), NW Yunnan [Bhutan, Sikkim].