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林木抗旱相关基因研究进展

花匠小妙招
2025-05-10 15:42

摘要:干旱是一种严重影响农、林业优质、高产的重要环境因子。本文综述了植物抗旱的分子及生理机制，以及林木抗旱基因的研究现状，讨论和分析了林木耐旱性研究的前景和当前存在的问题，并提出了利用分子生物学技术挖掘抗旱相关基因的策略。现阶段主要的抗旱基因为转录因子，从林木中克隆后在杨树、拟南芥或其它林木中进行遗传转化并验证抗旱基因的功能，阐明林木抗旱的分子机制。另外，从育种应用上，从林木中克隆耐旱基因，通过转基因、基因编辑等手段创制抗旱能力强的林木新种质，进而开展中间试验、环境释放等培育抗旱性能力强的林木新品种，增加其在干旱条件下的生物量并提高逆境环境下的抗性和适应性。总之，通过基因工程技术获得耐旱的林木新种质可以进一步改良其耐旱能力，为干旱和半干旱地区提供更多的林木新材料，进而推广抗旱高产林木新品种，促进林业可持续发展，为我国建设绿水青山提供新优林木品种。

关键词:林木 / 耐旱基因 / 遗传改良

Abstract:Drought is an important environmental factor that seriously limits the production of agriculture and forestry all over the world. And it is resulted in a large number of losses in agriculture and forestry. In this paper，the mechanism of drought resistance in plants and the research status of drought resistance genes in trees were reviewed. By discussing and analyzing the prospect and existing problems of drought tolerance research of forest trees，it is proposed to make full use of molecular biology technology to mine drought-related genes. At present，the main drought-resistant genes are transcription factors. After cloning from forest trees，genetic transformation was carried out in poplar，Arabidopsis thaliana or other forest trees，and the function of drought-resistant genes was verified to clarify the molecular mechanism of drought resistance in forest trees. In addition，in the breeding application，we cloned drought-resistant genes from forest trees，created new germplasm with strong drought resistance through transgenic and gene editing，and then carried out pilot tests and environmental release to cultivate new varieties with strong drought resistance，so as to increase their biomass under drought conditions and improve their resistance and adaptability under adverse circumstances. Finally，new varieties of forests with strong drought-resistant ability are cultivated and improved by means of molecular genetics and breeding. Cultivating new varieties of drought-resistant forest trees is an effective means to increase their biomass and improve their quality of life under drought conditions. Obtaining drought-resistant forest germplasm through genetic breeding biotechnology could further improve their drought tolerance，provide more new forest materials for arid and semi-arid areas in China，promote the sustainable and benign development of forestry，and provide new germplasm for building beautiful scenes.

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