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植物生长调节剂对建兰开花的调控作用研究

花匠小妙招
2025-05-11 05:47

摘要:

目的

阐述建兰花芽分化与发育过程，针对花芽不同发育阶段，利用植物生长调节剂进行调控，以解决建兰花期不统一、观赏期短的问题，为实现建兰周年生产提供参考。

方法

以建兰品种‘小桃红’为材料，通过解剖观察建兰花芽分化发育特点，分别在分化前期和花芽快速发育期喷施不同浓度的6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）、赤霉素（GA3）、萘乙酸（NAA）、碳酰胺（CH4N2O）和3% 赤霉酸乳油等植物生长调节剂，研究其对建兰各花期花序比例、开花数和花朵直径等开花性状的影响。此外，在排铃期喷施硫代硫酸银（STS），分析其对建兰花朵开放持续期的影响。

结果

建兰花原基开始分化至花朵开放整个花分化与发育过程需要30 d，可分为分化前期、花芽分化发育初期、花芽快速发育期、花梗伸长期、排铃期和开花期，共6个时期；处于不同发育期的花芽对植物生长调节剂反应不同，花芽分化前期喷施植物生长调节剂组合可促使建兰花期提前1个月左右，其中200 mg/L 6-BA+ 75 mg/L NAA+ 10 mg/L CH4N2O + 50 mg/L 3% 赤霉酸乳油效果最为显著、花期提前33.03 d；花芽快速发育期喷施植物生长调节剂可提前建兰花期1周左右，其中150 mg/L 6-BA+ 75 mg/L GA3+ 50 mg/L NAA+ 10 mg/L CH4N2O效果最佳、花期提前8.30 d。排铃期喷施100 μmol/L STS处理可延长建兰单花花期3.83 d。

结论

不同生长发育时期的建兰有其特殊的成花需求与反应，适宜浓度的植物生长调节剂可有效调控建兰花期，使建兰开花提前或花期延长。

Abstract:

Objective

The process of flower bud differentiation and development of Cymbidium. ensufolium was elaborated, and plant growth regulators were utilized for the flower buds at different developmental stages to solve the problems of non-uniformity of flowering period and short ornamental period of C. ensufolium, with an aim to provide references for the realization of annual production of C. ensufolium.

Method

Taking C. ensufolium 'Xiao Tao Hong' as the material, the characteristics of flower bud differentiation and development were observed through dissection, and the effects of different concentrations of plant growth regulators such as 6-BA, GA3, NAA, CH4N2O, and 3% gibberellic acid EC on flowering traits including inflorescence ratio, number of flowers, and diameter of flower in each flowering stage of C. ensufolium were investigated. In addition, silver thiosulfate (STS) was sprayed during the period of boll to analyze its effect on the duration of flower opening of C. ensufolium.

Result

The whole process of flower differentiation and development takes 30 days from the beginning of differentiation to the opening of flowers, which can be divided into six periods: Pre-differentiation, early differentiation, rapid development of flower buds, elongation of flower pedicels, periods of boll and flowering. Flower buds in different developmental periods react to plant growth regulators differently, and the combination of plant growth regulators sprayed before flower bud differentiation can advance the flowering period of C. ensufolium by one month, of which 200 mg/L 6-BA + 75 mg/L NAA + 10 mg/L CH4N2O + 50 mg/L 3% gibberellic acid EC has the optimal effect, with the flowering period being advanced by 33.03 d. The plant growth regulators sprayed at the rapid development of flower buds can advance the flowering period of C. ensufolium by about one week, among which 150 mg/L 6-BA + 75 mg/L GA3+ 50 mg/L NAA + 10 mg/L CH4N2O showing the best effect, which can advance the flowering period of C. ensufolium by 8.30 d. The spraying of 100 μmol/L STS during the period of boll of C. ensufolium can prolong the flowering period of single flower of C. ensufolium by 3.83 d.

Conclusion

C. ensufolium at different growth and development periods have their special needs and responses to the formation of flowers, and appropriate concentration of plant growth regulators can effectively regulate the flowering period of C. ensufolium, facilitating C. ensufolium flower to advance or prolong the flowering period.

图 1 建兰花分化发育

A、G: 分化前期；B、H: 花芽分化发育初期；C、I: 花芽快速发育期；D、J: 花梗伸长期；E、K: 排铃期；F、L: 开花期；IM: 花序分生组织；SP: 萼片原基；PP: 花瓣原基；LP: 唇瓣原基；CP: 合蕊柱原基；Se: 萼片；Pe: 花瓣；Li: 唇瓣；Co: 合蕊柱

Figure 1. Flower differentiation and development of Cymbidium ensufolium

A, G: Pre-differentiation stage; B, H: Early differentiation; C, I: Rapid development of flower buds; D, J: Elongation of pedicel; E, K: Period of boll; F, L: Flowering stage; IM: Inflorescence meristem; SP: Sepal primordium; PP: Petal primordium; LP: Labellum primordium; CP: Gynostemium primordium; Se: sepal; Pe: petal; Li: Labellum; Co: Gynostemium

表 1 建兰分化前期植物生长调节剂（mg/L）处理

Table 1 Plant growth regulator treatments for pre-differentiation of Cymbidium ensufolium (mg/L)

表 2 建兰花芽快速发育期植物生长调节剂（mg/L）处理

Table 2 Plant growth regulator treatments during rapid development of flower buds of Cymbidium ensufolium (mg/L)

表 3 分化前期喷施植物生长调节剂对建兰花期和开花品质的影响

Table 3 Effects of spraying of plant growth regulators on flowering periods and flowering quality at pre-differentiation of Cymbidium ensufolium

表 4 花芽快速发育期喷施植物生长调节剂对建兰花期和开花品质的影响

Table 4 Effects of spraying of plant growth regulator on the flowering periods and flowering quality of Cymbidium ensufolium during the rapid development of flower buds

表 5 STS对建兰开花持续期的影响

Table 5 Effects on the duration of flowering of Cymbidium ensufolium

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