白僵菌和绿僵菌作为防控红火蚁生物农药的潜力及前景
摘要： 红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren已从南美洲入侵到北美洲、亚洲多个国家和一些太平洋岛国，在我国扩散至12个省区500多个市县，严重为害农林业生产，威胁人居安全和生态平衡。为了实现对红火蚁的可持续治理，需要引入和加强生物防治的作用。本文概述了昆虫病原真菌白僵菌、绿僵菌作为生物杀虫剂的总体现状，以及针对红火蚁研发的详细进展，包括优良菌株选育、规模化生产、产品剂型、登记注册及防控应用等，分析了白僵菌、绿僵菌制剂防控红火蚁的优势和尚需解决的问题，讨论和展望了真菌杀虫剂防控红火蚁的前景。
关键词: 红火蚁, 真菌杀虫剂, 昆虫病原真菌, 生物农药, 生物防治
Abstract: The red fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren has invaded from South America into many countries in North America, Asia and the Pacific islands. In China, the ant has spread to more than 500 cities and counties of 12 provinces, seriously damaging agricultural and forestry production, ecological balance and human settlement safety. In order to achieve sustainable management of red fire ants, it is necessary to introduce and strengthen the role of biological control. Here we summarized the overall situation of development of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria and Metarhizium as biological pesticides, as well the detailed progress of the development directing at red fire ants, including highly virulent strains, large-scale production, product formulations and registration, and the application in the field. Meanwhile, we analyzed the advantage and problems of the two fungi for control of red fire ants. The prospect outlook of fungal insecticides in the control of red fire ants was discussed.
Key words: Solenopsis invicta, fungal insecticides, entomopathogenic fungi, biopesticides, biological control
中图分类号:
S476.1
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