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切花菊‘丽金’响应光照诱导成花特性研究

花匠小妙招
2025-06-15 04:11

摘要: 菊花是典型的短日照植物,本研究以切花菊品种‘丽金’组培苗为材料,对其成花感受态和限界光周期进行了分析。在此基础上,利用不同光质配比组合的红光和蓝光LED补光灯对其幼苗进行光照处理,探讨不同光质对植株开花的影响。结果表明:‘丽金’的成花感受态为具有14片叶的组培苗植株,限界性诱导光周期值为短日照下(12 h光照/12 h黑暗)43 d;蓝光是促进幼苗现蕾的必需光源,且复合光(蓝光∶红光=2∶1和红光∶蓝光=2∶1)比单色光(蓝光和红光)和对照组(普通荧光灯)更利于切花菊的成花,其中蓝光∶红光=2∶1是短日照诱导植株快速现蕾和成花的最优光源,成花所需时间仅为(86.19±1.17) d,而红光∶蓝光=2∶1是短日照诱导植株成花且获得高杆植株的最优光源,现蕾高度为(41.44±7.09) cm。这些结果为切花菊高效低能的周年生产提供了重要的参考信息,并为其他观赏植物的设施栽培试验研究提供了参考体系。

Abstract: The chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.) is a typical short-day plant. In this study, the cut chrysanthemum ‘Reagan’ (Chrysanthemum × morifolium ‘Reagan’) was selected as material. We comprehensively analyzed the floral competence and the limited inductive photoperiod of seedlings. On these bases, the seedlings were treated under different combinations of red and blue light-emitting diode (LED) qualities, aiming at investigating the effects of different light qualities on the flowering of seedlings. The results showed that 1) the floral competence of seedlings was 14-leaf stage, and the value of limited inductive photoperiod was 43 d under short daylight (12 h light/12 h dark); 2) the blue light was necessary for the budding of seedlings, and the compound lights of blue∶red=2∶1 or red∶blue=2∶1 were more beneficial to the bloom compared with the single light (blue or red) and control group (fluorescent lamp); 3) the blue∶red=2∶1 was the optimal lighting option for the quick budding and bloom of seedlings under short-day light, the necessary time for bloom was only (86.19±1.17) d; and 4) the red∶blue=2∶1 was the optimal lighting option for the bloom under short-day light and the obtainment of high-stem plants (the plant height was (41.44±7.09) cm when budding). These results provide important references for annual production of cut chrysanthemum in a way of high efficiency and low energy, and also lay foundations for the protected cultivation of other ornamental plants.

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