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花刺参吊笼养殖片状饲料黏合剂优选及其对摄食行为的影响

花匠小妙招
2025-06-20 18:30

摘要:

目的

研究不同黏合剂对花刺参（Stichopus monotuberculatus）吊笼养殖片状饲料稳定性、适口性和摄食行为的影响，以优选出适宜花刺参吊笼养殖片状饲料的黏合剂。

方法

在基础饲料中，以分别添加0.5%黄原胶、海藻酸钠、卡拉胶和木薯淀粉黏合剂制作成的片状饲料作为4个处理组饲料，以不添加黏合剂的基础饲料制作成的片状饲料为对照组饲料。比较不同黏合剂添加后片状饲料的保型能力和溶失率，以及不同片状饲料投喂后花刺参的累计运动路程、累计运动时间、累积停留时间和体质量变化。

结果

黄原胶和海藻酸钠均能显著提高片状饲料的保型能力，降低其溶失率（P<0.05）；4个处理组的片状饲料均显著降低了花刺参的累积停留时间（P<0.05）；卡拉胶组与木薯淀粉组的片状饲料显著增加了花刺参的累积运动路程（P<0.05）；黄原胶组显著降低了花刺参的累积运动时间（P<0.05）；实验结束后，海藻酸钠组花刺参体质量增长最大，黄原胶组的花刺参体质量增长最小。

结论

海藻酸钠提高了片状饲料的耐水性能，未明显改变花刺参的累积运动路程和运动时间，且其取得的生长效果最佳，因此宜选择海藻酸钠作为片状饲料黏合剂。

意义

本研究结果不仅为花刺参吊笼养殖片状饲料开发提供数据支撑，还可为花刺参养殖技术研究提供新的思路。

Abstract:

Background

Stichopus monotuberculatus, a tropical sea cucumber species, has attracted significant attention due to its high nutritional value and medicinal properties. However, to date, no studies have investigated the potential of suspension cage aquaculture for this species. Suspension cage farming is one of the most important methods in sea cucumber aquaculture, but its unique structural design often leads to feed loss, which can significantly impact the surrounding aquatic environment. This issue underscores the necessity of investigating innovative solutions to improve feed efficiency. For instance, studying the incorporation of binding agents into feed formulations to produce appropriately shaped sheet-like feed could play a crucial role in altering feed properties. Furthermore, understanding how such modifications influence the feeding behavior and movement patterns of S. monotuberculatus becomes essential for optimizing both the growth performance of the species and the sustainability of the suspension farming system.

Objective

The present study investigated the effects of different binders on the stability, palatability, and feeding behavior of sheet feed for the suspension cage aquaculture of S. monotuberculatus, in order to select the most suitable binder for sheet feed used in the cage farming of S. monotuberculatus.

Methods

In the basic feed, 0.5% xanthan gum, sodium alginate, carrageenan and cassava starch binder were added to make sheet feed as the experimental feed of the four treatment groups, and the basic feed without adding any binder to make sheet feed was used as the control feed. This study compared the binding performance (including type preservation ability and dissolution loss rate) of different binders, as well as their effects on the feeding behavior and growth of S. monotuberculatus.

Results

Both xanthan gum and sodium alginate could significantly improve the type preservation ability and reduce the dissolution loss rate of sheet feed (P<0.05). Both carrageenan and cassava starch improved the shape retention ability of flake feed and also reduced the dissolution loss rate of the feed, but there was no significant difference compared with the control. The cumulative residence time of S. monotuberculatus was significantly decreased by sheet feed in the four treatment groups (P<0.05). The sodium alginate group did not significantly change the cumulative exercise distance and cumulative exercise time of S. monotuberculatus. The cumulative exercise distance of S. monotuberculatus was significantly increased by the sheet feed of carrageenan group and cassava starch group (P<0.05). Xanthan gum group significantly decreased the cumulative exercise time of S. monotuberculatus (P<0.05). After the experiment, the body mass of S. monotuberculatus increased the most in sodium alginate group and the least in xanthan gum group.

Conclusion

Sodium alginate significantly enhanced the water resistance of sheet feed without markedly affecting the cumulative movement distance or duration of S. monotuberculatus. Notably, this treatment group demonstrated superior growth effect among all experimental groups. Therefore, sodium alginate was more suitable as the binder for sheet feed.

Significance

The results of this study not only provide data support for the development of sheet feed for hanging cage culture of S. monotuberculatus, but also provide a new idea for the research of breeding technology of S. monotuberculatus.

图 1 各组片状饲料跌落次数的比较

注：图中1、2、3、4和5分别表示对照组、海藻酸钠组、黄原胶组、卡拉胶组和木薯淀粉组；不同小写字母表示组间平均值差异显著（P<0.05），以下同此。

Figure 1. Comparison of sheet feed drop times among groups

Notes: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 represent the control group, the alginate group, the xanthan gum group, the carrageenan group and the cassava starch group, respectively; different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the average values among groups (P<0.05). It’s the same as figure 2-figure 5.

图 2 各组片状饲料2 h溶失率的比较

Figure 2. Comparison of 2-hour dissolution rate of sheet feed among groups

图 3 花刺参在片状饲料上累积停留时间的比较

Figure 3. Comparison of cumulative residence time of S. monotuberculatus on sheet feed

图 4 各组花刺参累积运动路程的比较

Figure 4. Comparison of cumulative movement distance of S. monotuberculatus among groups

图 5 各组花刺参累积运动时间的比较

Figure 5. Comparison of cumulative exercise time of S. monotuberculatus among groups

图 6 各组花刺参的体质量变化

Figure 6. Changes of body mass of S. monotuberculatus among groups

表 1 基础饲料配方

Table 1 Basic feed formula

组成 Composition比例/% Proportion 脱脂鱼粉 Skim fish meal5虾粉 Shrimp meal3扇贝粉 Scallop powder2发酵豆粕 Fermented soybean meal5海带 Sea mustard5裙带菜 Undaria pinnatifida10马尾藻 Sargassum fusiforme15鼠尾藻 Sargassum thunbergia15海泥 Sea mud40

表 2 片状饲料制作相关参数

Table 2 Related parameters of sheet feed production

组别
Groups 基础饲料/%
Basic feed 黏合剂/%
Binder 水/饲料
Water/feed 压力/（N/cm2）
Pressure 压制时间/min
Pressing time 烘干时间/h
Drying time 对照组
Control group 100 − 3/5 0.25 30 12 海藻酸钠组
Sodium alginate group 99.5 0.5 4/5 0.25 30 12 黄原胶组
Xanthan gum group 99.5 0.5 4/5 0.25 30 12 卡拉胶组
Carragenan group 99.5 0.5 2/3 0.25 30 12 木薯淀粉组
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