首页 > 分享 > 几种植物源农药与化学农药混用对蚜虫的减量增效作用

几种植物源农药与化学农药混用对蚜虫的减量增效作用

花匠小妙招
2025-07-24 15:26

摘要： 为降低化学农药的使用量，建立蚜虫绿色防治技术。本研究以苜蓿蚜Aphis craccivora Koch为供试昆虫，采用浸虫浸叶法测定了3种植物源农药和3种化学农药的联合杀虫活性，筛选出具有增效作用的组合及最佳配比，并进一步开展了田间药效评价。结果显示，0.3%苦参碱AS等6种农药均对苜蓿蚜具有良好的毒杀活性；以单剂的致死中浓度按比例混合，筛选出4组混用增效组合，其中苦参碱与氟啶虫胺腈7:3混用、苦参碱与吡虫啉6:4混用、苦参碱与啶虫脒7:3混用、川楝素与啶虫脒5:5混用，共毒系数（CTC）分别为124.72、139.84、135.82和123.61；在上述最佳配比下，0.3%苦参碱AS（835 g/hm2）与22%氟啶虫胺腈SC混用（1.5 g/hm2）、0.3%苦参碱AS（590 g/hm2）与70%吡虫啉WDG混用（10 g/hm2）、0.3%楝素SL（500 g/hm2）和20%啶虫脒SP混用（3.6 g/hm2），对苹果黄蚜Aphis citricola van der Goot药后7 d的防效分别达87.10%、87.07%和88.10%，与推荐剂量相比，混用组合中化学农药用量分别减少了98.75%、73.33%和97.00%，植物源农药分别减少了74.95%、82.30%和85.00%。可见，上述混用组合对蚜虫表现出良好的防效，且显著降低了化学农药的用量，为蚜虫的绿色防控提供了重要的技术支撑，具有进一步推广应用的价值。

关键词: 植物源农药, 化学农药, 减量增效, 苹果黄蚜, 绿色防控

Abstract: This study aims to reduce the use of chemical pesticides through establishing green control technologies for aphids. With Aphis craccivora as the target insect, the insecticidal activities of the combination of three botanical pesticides and three chemical pesticides were tested by insect-soaking method and leaf-dipping method. The optimal ratios with synergistic effects were screened out and further evaluated in field trials. The results showed that the six tested pesticides including 0.3% matrine AS all showed good toxic activities against A. craccivora. Four groups of synergistic combinations were screened out by mixing the pesticides at certain ratios of the lethal medium concentration of each, which were matrine and flonicamid mixed at 7:3, matrine and imidacloprid mixed at 6:4, matrine and acetamiprid mixed at 7:3, and toosendanin and acetamiprid mixed at 5:5. The co-toxicity coefficients (CTC) of the four combinations were 124.72, 139.84, 135.82, and 123.61, respectively. Under the optimal ratios, the control efficiency of 0.3% matrine AS (835 g/hm2) mixed with 22% sulfoxaflor SC (1.5 g/hm2), 0.3% matrine AS (590 g/hm2) mixed with 70% imidacloprid WG (10 g/hm2) and 0.3% toosendanin SL (500 g/hm2) mixed with 20% acetamiprid SP (3.6 g/hm2) against A. citricola was 87.10%, 87.07% and 88.10%, respectively, at 7 days post-treatment. Compared with the recommended doses, the doses of chemical pesticides in the combination were decreased by 98.75%, 73.33% and 97.00%, respectively, and those of the botanical pesticides were decreased by 74.95%, 82.30% and 85.00%, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of chemical and botanical pesticides has shown effective control of aphids and significantly reduced the amount of chemical pesticides used, providing important technical support for green management of aphids and potential for further extension and application.

Key words: botanical pesticides, chemical pesticides, decrement and synergism, Aphis citricola, green prevention and control

中图分类号:

S471