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从浪漫到现代：穆旦诗歌中的自我形象刘燕

花匠小妙招
2025-07-28 15:16

从浪漫到现代：穆旦诗歌中的自我形象刘燕论文提要：以雪莱、拜伦、惠特曼、普希金为代表的浪漫主义思潮和以里尔克、艾略特、燕卜逊、奥登等为代表的现代主义思潮深刻地影响了20世纪中国新诗的发展过程。本论文以“九叶派”诗人穆旦为例，通过分析其诗歌中的自我形象、主体意识、身份特征等，以此说明中国新诗如何从前期的浪漫主义转向了后期的现代主义，如何从个性化、统一的浪漫自我转向了非个性化、分裂的现代自我。但同时指出，穆旦这位早期追随现代主义思潮的诗人在晚年却走向了抒情的、浪漫的某种回归，他认为中国新诗的未来在于调整情与理、浪漫与现代的关系，找到适合中国现代人的情感的表达方式。可见，穆旦力图在浪漫主义与现代主义、个性与非个性、抒情性与知性等两种不同的文学思潮和创作范式之间寻求某种结合点和平衡，把源自西方的文学资源植根于中国传统的文化语境与自身的生命体验中，以卓越的才能和睿智的思考融会中外诗艺，创造性地建构了具有中国特质的新诗传统。因此，“九叶派”并非消极被动地接受西方文学的种种影响，而是探索着一条具有新诗现代性的书写之路，为当下中国诗歌的发展提供了深刻的启示。对今人而言，穆旦的出发点也应是我们思考的起点。关键词：浪漫主义；现代主义；现代性；主体意识；自我形象作者简介：刘燕，1967年出生，文学博士，教授。北京第二外国语学院跨文化研究院工作，主要研究方向为外国文学、比较文学和女性文学，近著有《现代批评之始：T•S•艾略特诗学研究》（2005）、《<尤利西斯>：叙述中的时空形式》（2010）。 E-mail：liuyan_1967@yahoo.com.cn From Romanticism to Modernism: the Self Images in Mudan’s Poems Liu Yan Institute of Trans-cultural Studies Professor, Beijing International Studies University, China Abstract: Romanticism represented mostly by Shelley, Byron, Whitman and Pushkin and Modernism demonstrated primarily by Rilke, T.S. Eliot, Empson and Auden both deeply influence the development of Chinese new poems in the 20th Century. This article mainly analyzes Chinese modern poems of Mudan (穆旦), who has been exploring on the modernity of Chinese new poems. And it illustrates the characters of his poetry from the early Romanticism to the late Modernism through the perspective of self images in his poems. Meanwhile, it also points out that Mudan tries to seek a new road to combine Romanticism and Modernism, emotion and reason, personality and impersonality. It is Mudan’s great originality and creativity that he learns from the western literary tradition that is rooted in the Chinese tradition and his individual experience. The self images in Mudan’s poems provoke us to reconsider the relationships and balances between Romanticism and Modernism, self and society; they also provide a special solution to understand the Chinese modern poems. Mudan’s poems have become an important part of Chinese new literary heritages and bring us many inspirations to our literary development. Key Words: romanticism; modernism; modernity; subjectivity consciousness; self image