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槐Sophora japonica Linn.

花匠小妙招
2025-09-18 23:55

别名：槐花果;家槐;圆槐;櫰;槐枝;中国槐;槐实;櫰槐;金药槐;金药槐树;金药树;紫槐;黄槐;白槐;槐树;槐角子;槐子;櫰花木;红花苦豆子;护房槐;猪屎槐;櫰木;中槐;槐树芽;细叶槐;槐花米;槐豆角;国槐;槐木;槐米;槐角;牛槐;槐花;护房树;黑槐;槐蕊;豆槐;本地槐;槐櫰;洪呼日朝格图-木德;守宫槐;槐花树;

科名：豆科 Leguminosae

属名：槐属 Sophora

《中国植物志》第40卷092页
  20. 槐（神农本草经）　守宫槐（群芳谱），槐花木、槐花树、豆槐、金药树
  Sophora japonica Linn. Mant. 1: 68. 1767; DC. Prodr. 2: 95. 1825; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 202. 1887; Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 243. 1914, et Cat. Pl. Yunnan 161. 1916; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 7: 155. 1926; Merr. Comm. Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 193. 1935; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 524. 1937; 中国主要植物图说·豆科 134. 图125. 1955; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 356. 图2441. 1972. ——Styphnolobium japonicum Schott in Wien Zeit. 3: 844, 1831; Lauener in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 30: 252. 1970; Yakovl. in Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 12: 228. 1975. ——S. sinensis Forrest in Rev. Hort. 157. 1899. ——S. mairei Levl. in Bull. Acad. Geog. Bot. 25: 48. 1915, non Pamp. 1910, et Cat. Pl. Yunnan 161. 1916.
  本种尚有下列两个类型我国可能有分布，但未见标本，权录此，留待以后考订。▽var. praecox Schwer. in Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 256. 1907. 主要特征是：花生在二年生老枝上。▽f. columnalis Schwer. 1. c.; Rehd. in Bailey, Cycl. Hort. 3: 3191. 1939. 主要特征是：体态狭圆柱状。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Sophora japonica Linnaeus Mant. Pl. 1: 68. 1767.
槐 huai
Anagyris chinensis Sprengel; Macrotropis foetida Can-dolle; Ormosia esquirolii H. Léveillé; Pongamia chinensis Can-dolle; Robinia mitis Loureiro (1790), not Linnaeus (1763); Sophora angustifoliola Q. Q. Liu & H. Y. Ye ["angustifiola"]; S. japonica f. columnaris Schwerin; S. japonica f. hybrida Carrière; S. japonica f. oligophylla Franchet; S. japonica f. pendula Loudon; S. japonica var. praecox Schwerin; S. japonica var. pubescens (Tausch) Bosse; S. japonica f. variegata Nichols; S. japonica var. vestita Rehder; S. japonica var. violacea Carrière; S. mairei H. Léveillé (1915), not Pampanini (1910); S. pubescens Tausch; S. sinensis Forrest; S. vaniotii H. Léveillé; Styphnolobium japonicum (Linnaeus) Schott.
Trees, to 25 m. Bark gray-brown, longitudinally striate; branches of current year green, glabrous. Leaves 15-25 cm; stipules ovate to linear, caducous; petiole inflated at base, bud hidden; leaflets 9-15; stipels subulate; blades ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 2.5-6 × 1.5-3 cm, papery, glaucous and sparsely to densely pubescent abaxially, usually becoming gla-brate, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate, mucro-nate. Panicles terminal, to 30 cm; bracteole subulate. Calyx shortly campanulate, 3.5-4.5 mm; teeth 5, obtuse, pubescent. Corolla white or creamy yellow, rarely purple-red; standard broadly ovate, claw short, base cordate, apex retuse; wings ovate-oblong, ca. 10 × 4 mm; keel similar to wings, but broader. Stamens 10, unequal, free, persistent. Ovary glabrescent. Leg-umes green, moniliform, 2.5-5 × ca. 1 cm, obviously con-stricted between seeds, indehiscent, fleshy. Seeds 1-6, yellow-green, black-brown when dry, ovoid. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Cultivated throughout China [native to Japan and Korea; widely cultivated elsewhere].
Many intergrading varieties and horticultural forms exist that are not worthy of recognition at this level. Sophora angustifoliola appears to be merely a narrow-leaved form of this species.Many intergrading varieties and horticultural forms exist that are not worthy of recognition at this level. Sophora angustifoliola appears to be merely a narrow-leaved form of this species.