秸秆深翻还田对盐碱化土壤玉米根系形态特征及产量的影响
摘要： 【目的】通过研究秸秆深翻还田下玉米根系的生长发育状况,明确耕作方式对不同程度盐碱化农田改良和玉米生长的影响。【方法】2021—2022年在轻度、中度和重度盐碱化土地上设置农户浅旋不还田（CK）和秸秆深翻还田（DPR）两种耕作方式,以当地主栽玉米品种迪卡159和九圣禾257为试验材料,分析不同处理对土壤理化性质、玉米根系生长状况和产量的影响。【结果】与CK相比,DPR土壤容重降低,含水量升高,碱解氮、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均显著增加（P<0.05）,土壤全盐量、pH值分别降低5.48%~48.98%和1.25%~13.71%;DPR玉米根长、根表面积、根平均直径和根体积均显著增加（P<0.05）,轻度盐碱化土壤玉米根系指标改善效果最为明显,增幅分别为62.13%、62.99%、26.46%和69.67%;玉米产量较CK提高14.08%~33.61%,中度盐碱化土壤的增幅最大。【结论】秸秆深翻还田可以有效改善土壤理化性质,降低土壤全盐量、pH值。随着全盐量的降低,玉米根长、根体积显著增加,从而增加根表面积,提高了玉米植株利用土壤养分的能力,最终使产量增加。
关键词: 盐碱地, 秸秆深翻还田, 玉米, 根系生长, 产量
Abstract: 【Objective】To elucidate the impacts of tillage methods on the development of saline-alkali farmland and maize growth by examining the growth and development of maize roots under deep ploughing straw returning.【Methods】From 2021 to 2022,two tillage methods,shallow rotation no returning（CK）and deep ploughing straw returning（DPR）,were set up on mild,moderate and severe saline-alkali land. The local main maize varieties DK159 and JSH257 were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties,maize root growth status and yield.【Results】Compared with CK,the bulk density in DPR soil decreased,water content increased,alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen,total N,available P,available K and organic matter content increased significantly（P<0.05）. The soil total salt content and pH value decreased by 5.48%-48.98% and 1.25%-13.71%,respectively. The root length,root surface area,average root diameter and root volume of DPR maize significantly increased（P<0.05）. The root indexes improved most in the mild saline-alkali soil,with increases of 62.13%,62.99%,26.46% and 69.67%,respectively. In comparison with the CK,the yield of maize increased by 14.08%-33.61% with the highest increase in moderate saline-alkali soil.【Conclusion】Deep ploughing straw returning effectively improved soil physical and chemical properties,reduced soil total salt content and pH value. With the decrease of total salt content,maize root length and root volume increased significantly,increasing root surface area,improving the ability of maize plants to utilize soil nutrients,and ultimately increasing yield.
Key words: Saline-alkali soil, Deep ploughing straw returning, Maize, Root growth, Yield
中图分类号:
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