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中华豪门—中国古建筑纹样中的植物花卉

花匠小妙招
2024-08-15 18:41

璀璨的华夏文明，孕育了博大精深的中华文化，也孕育了钟灵毓秀的山川河流和千姿百态的花草树木。在漫长的植物开发与利用过程中，人们根据不同植物的生长习性以及个人爱好赋予植物丰富的精神文化内涵。

The brilliant Chinese civilization has nurtured the broad and profound Chinese culture, as well as the beautiful mountains, rivers and flowers and trees in various forms. In the long process of plant development and utilization.

古人崇尚自然，中国古典园林不仅大量运用植物造景，还利用植物在传统文化当中的寓意来突出园林建筑的美感，还可体现园林主人的文化修养和品味。

The ancients advocate nature. Chinese classical gardens not only use plants to make landscapes, but also use the implication of plants in traditional culture to highlight the beauty of garden buildings, and can also reflect the cultural cultivation and taste of garden owners.

智慧的先祖们从很早之前就开始探究自然界中的植物花卉，他们沉醉于植物的美感与质感。古人们寄情于植物花卉，留下了许多脍炙人口的佳句。

The ancestors of wisdom began to explore plants and flowers in nature long ago. They were intoxicated with the beauty and texture of plants. The ancient people placed their affection on plants and flowers, leaving many popular sayings.

植物作吉祥图案，一般有两种手法：一种是运用植物的象征意义，往往来源于植物拟人化的品格象征或神话传说；一种则是运用植物的名称，与某些具有祥和意义的文字谐音而取其意。常用植物介绍如下：

There are generally two ways for plants to make auspicious patterns: one is to use the symbolic meaning of plants, which often comes from the personified character symbols or myths and legends of plants; One is to use the name of the plant, which is homophonic with some words with auspicious meaning. Common plants are introduced as follows:

荷花荷花又叫莲花，周敦颐在《爱莲说》写到“出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖”，有着纯洁，崇高的寓意。青莲又与“清廉”同音，而成“一品清廉”图案，寓意居高而不贪，清正廉洁，常用以赞美清官.

The lotus is also called lotus. Zhou Dunyi wrote in "Love Lotus Saying" that "come out of the mud without staining, wash clean water without being evil", which has the meaning of purity and sublimity.

又因莲子象征爱情，一梗二花做成“并蒂莲”图案，象征夫妻恩爱，美满幸福。乔家大院门楼的匾额就是一张大荷叶，在另一栋门楼的雀替上雕刻有精美的荷花、莲子及成对的鸳鸯，表达了美好的内心愿望。

Also because the lotus seed symbolizes love, one stalk of two flowers is made into a "lotus" pattern, which symbolizes the love between husband and wife, and happiness. The plaque on the gate of the Qiao's courtyard is a large lotus leaf.

牡丹牡丹为花中之王，因唐朝李正封有“天香夜染衣，国色朝酣酒”的诗句而被后人赞为国色天香，寓意雍容华贵，繁荣兴旺，牡丹因此也被称为“富贵花”。

The peony is the king of flowers. It was praised by later generations for the poem "Tianxiang night dye clothes, and the national color is drunk" by Li Zhengfeng of the Tang Dynasty, which means grace and splendor, prosperity and prosperity. Therefore, the peony is also known as "rich flowers".

牡丹与吉祥之鸟凤凰组合成“丹凤戏牡丹”图案；牡丹插于古壶之中，组成“富贵平安”，象征吉祥共庆、国泰民安；与海棠、玉兰等相配组成“玉堂富贵”；与蔓草相配组成“富贵万代”，等等。在山西古典建筑装饰中，牡丹的形象随处可见。

The peony and the auspicious bird Phoenix are combined to form the pattern of "Danfeng playing peony"; The peony is inserted in the ancient pot to form "wealth and peace", which symbolizes good luck and common happiness of the country.

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