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潜叶性害虫和花果类害虫.ppt

花匠小妙招
2024-10-31 08:46

潜叶性害虫和花果类害虫

第八章允吸性害虫 1.潜叶蛾类：潜叶蛾类害虫属鳞翅目，在我国园林植物上较常见的主要有旋纹潜叶蛾（Leucoptera scitella）、杨白潜叶蛾（ Leucoptera susinella）、菊花潜叶蛾（Lyonefiide sp.）、桃潜叶蛾（Lyonetia clerkella）等。发生规律：河北昌黎1年发生3代，河南省1年4-5代。防治方法：诱杀成虫，1%灭虫灵乳油，50%辛硫磷乳油，菊酯类等都可兑水喷雾。第十章花果类害虫苹果、桃、梨的主要害虫是食心虫类，得力的天敌很少。叶螨类、介壳虫类天敌很多，利用的潜力很大。但最多的飞来型害虫可利用的天敌很少。目前，防治苹果食心虫及其衍生害虫叶螨，已有系列化的喷洒药剂。但苹果因周边的植物几乎清除殆尽，建起防止落果的风障，在这种情况下，为天敌设置越冬和躲避农药的退避场所，短期内难以实现。梨、桃果园的集团化程度不及苹果园，尚有防风林、各种果树镶嵌配置的条件，为利用本地天敌带来希望。应设法在果园周边栽植常绿的针叶树、茶树、常绿树等灌木。防治食心虫还需使用农药，防治蚜虫、叶螨、介壳虫可用天敌。花卉害虫和茶树害虫的天敌及其利用 * 2.潜叶蝇危害特点：花果类害虫、茶树的害虫均生活在园内，没有飞来害虫。因此，天敌和农药的关系就十分突出。叶螨、卷叶虫类、介壳虫的天敌较多，但危害新芽的吸汁性害虫天敌很少。在茶园周围少有能保护天敌的场所，但由于几乎都是定住性害虫，如能采用保护天敌的药剂撒布方法，茶园里用天敌灭虫应没有困难。常见的有蛾类、甲虫类等。花、苹果、桃、梨害虫的天敌及其利用花卉害虫和茶树的害虫均生活在园内，没有飞来害虫。因此，天敌和农药的关系就十分突出。叶螨、卷叶虫类、介壳虫的天敌较多，但危害新芽的吸汁性害虫天敌很少。在茶园周围少有能保护天敌的场所，但由于几乎都是定住性害虫，如能采用保护天敌的药剂撒布方法，茶园里用天敌灭虫应没有困难。 * * * 美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae American Leaf Miner 1.Distribution:It is almost cosmopolitan in distribution.It is an new imported pest. And has been found in several provinces in South China: Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Fujian. It has caused very serious damage in vegetable production in recent years in China. 2.Host:The host plants are included over 100 species of plants, with a preference for beans, cucumbers and tomatoes. 3:Damage:This pest is a polyphagous. It damages the host plants by adult feeding punctures, oviposition punctures and larval mines. The larvae feed within the leaf, making a long serpentine tunnel which is usually white with dampened black and dried brown, and irregular shapes, increasing in width as larval development. If many leaves are mined the yield may be reduced; In Brassica the damage affects saleability. Heavily infested leaves shrivel and wither. 4.Life history In South China the life history of this pest occurs throughout the year. It completes the life cycle in 13-17 days in summer and in 50-60 days in winter. There may be 14-16 generations takes place per year. 5.Identification Egg: E