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生物多样性保护适应气候变化的管理策略

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2024-11-01 08:23

生物多样性保护适应气候变化的管理策略

基金项目:

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（GYZX190101，GYZX170201）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFD1100104）；生态环境部部门预算项目（2024004088006）

Management strategy for biodiversity conservation to adapt to climate change in China

Author:

LI Haidong

Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
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GAO Jixi

Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
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摘要:

应对气候变化和保护生物多样性是2大全球性热点环境问题。气候变化导致物种多样性丧失、生态系统服务降低和区域生态安全屏障功能受损，威胁到中国国土生态安全格局和生态脆弱区域的可持续发展，给生物多样性保护带来新的挑战。做好生物多样性保护适应气候变化的风险管理工作，既是生物多样性应对气候变化风险的必要措施，也是减缓气候变化的重要途径。结合爱知目标10的实现情况，分析了欧盟、澳大利亚、美国等发达国家发布的生物多样性适应气候变化技术政策制定情况、中国生物多样性应对气候变化进展情况，剖析了中国生物多样性保护适应气候变化存在的问题，包括生物多样性应对气候变化的科学认知亟待提高、生物多样性保护适应气候变化的能力建设不足、自然保护地之间缺乏适应气候变化的生态廊道网络、生物多样性保护适应气候变化的技术标准缺乏。研究提出了中国生物多样性应对气候变化的适应性管理策略，包括制定《中国生物多样性保护协同应对气候变化的国家方案》、加强生物多样性保护适应气候变化的能力建设、开展自然保护区适应气候变化的风险管理试点、强化生物多样性应对气候变化的科技支撑，以期为推进纳入气候变化风险管理的生物多样性保护工作提供决策依据。

Abstract:

Addressing climate change and conserving biodiversity are two major globally environmental hotspots. Climate change brings a series of new challenges for biodiversity conversation, while it threatens the spatial pattern of ecological security and sustainable development in the ecologically fragile areas in China. Climate change could lead to species diversity loss, decline of ecosystem service, and damage of regional ecological security zone. Therefore, doing the risk management of biodiversity conservation to adapt to climate change is not only a necessary measure for biodiversity adapting to climate change risks, but also an important way to mitigate climate change. In this paper, we firstly investigated the related technical policies of biodiversity conservation to adapt to climate change issued by developed countries such as the European Union, Australia, and the United States, and the progress of China's biodiversity addressing to climate change, combining with implementation progress of Aichi Biodiversity Targets 10. Secondly, we analyzed the problems of China's biodiversity conservation to adapt to climate change. They included 1) the scientific cognition of biodiversity addressing climate change needed to be improved; 2) insufficient capacity building for biodiversity conservation to adapt to climate change; 3) lack of ecological corridor networks for adaptation to climate change among nature reserves; and 4) lack of technical standards for biodiversity conservation to adapt to climate change. Finally, strategies were put forward to adaptive management of biodiversity addressing climate change. Specifically, the countermeasures included developing the National Programme for China's Biodiversity Conservation to Cope with Climate Change, strengthening capacity building of biodiversity conservation to adapt to climate change, carrying out pilot projects for adaptive management of nature reserves to deal with climate change risks, as well as strengthening the scientific and technological support on biodiversity addressing climate change. These could provide a decision-making basis for promoting biodiversity conservation incorporating risk management of climate change.

引用本文

李海东,高吉喜.生物多样性保护适应气候变化的管理策略.生态学报,2020,40(11):3844~3850

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