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白花鬼针草的繁殖特性及入侵性

花匠小妙招
2024-11-04 07:52

摘要： 白花鬼针草是一种菊科入侵植物。本研究从单个花序花期的观察、繁育系统、花粉胚珠比、自交亲和性、花粉活力、访花昆虫、种子萌发特性等方面对白花鬼针草的繁殖特性进行了分析，探讨了其与入侵性之间的关系。研究表明：白花鬼针草单个花序全部开放约5～7 d，约第9天全部凋落；花粉活力在1～8 d内维持在较高的水平（87.07%～93.41%）；花粉胚珠比为2508，单个花序可自交亲和，亦可兼性异交，为混合交配系统，结实率高；边花（舌状花）的存在有利于结实率的提高；访花昆虫主要有粉蝶科、蛱蝶科、茧蜂科和蚁科的昆虫；对萌发率、萌发速率、萌发开始时间和萌发持续时间做因子及聚类分析，白花鬼针草种子的萌发特性可以表现为爆发型、过渡型、缓萌型、低萌型4种萌发类型，根据不同的环境条件选择不同的萌发类型。总之，白花鬼针草具有自交亲和，结实率高，结实量大，种子萌发率高、萌发速率快且具有不同的萌发策略和边花等繁殖特点，是其成功入侵的主要原因。

关键词: CO2浓度增高(FACE), 数据处理, 软件包

Abstract: Bidens pilosa var. radiata (Asteraceae) is an invasive plant species. Here, we examined its reproductive characteristics from aspects of flowering phenology of single inflorescence, breeding system, pollen ovule ratio, selfcompatibility, pollen vigor, pollinators, and seed germination. The effects of these aspects on its invasiveness were analyzed. The results showed that the flowering duration of a single inflorescence was 5-7 days. The pollen could maintain a high vigor (87.07%-93.41%) within 1-8 days. The pollen ovule ratio was 2508. Single inflorescence can be self-compatible or facultative heterosynthesis. B. pilosa var. radiata had a mixed mating system with high seed setting rate. The existence of edge flower (tongue flower) was beneficial to the increases of seed setting rate. The main pollinators were Phaeidae, Nymphalidae, Cochonidae, and Formicidae. By factors analysis and cluster analysis on germination percentage, germination rate, germination start time, and germination duration, the germination strategies of seeds of B. pilosa var.radiata could be classified into four types: outbreak type, transition type, slow budding type, and low sprouting type. Different germination types were selected by different environmental conditions. In conclusion, the self-compatibility, high seed setting rate, high seed germination percentage, fast germination rate, and diverse germinating strategies work together for the successful invasion of B. pilosa var.radiata.