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不同轮作模式对花生病虫害及产量的影响（7页）

花匠小妙招
2024-11-07 10:47

植物保护学报Journal of Plant Protection ，2018 ，45 （6）：1321-1327 DOI ：10.13802/ki.zwbhxb.2018.2017139 不同轮作模式对花生病虫害及产量的影响赵庆雷信彩云王瑜阴筱刘奇华林香青* （山东省水稻研究所，山东省水稻工程技术研究中心，济南250100 ）摘要：为探明水旱轮作模式对花生土传病虫害及其产量的影响，设水旱轮作不施药、水旱轮作减施药、旱旱轮作常规施药和旱旱轮作不施药（CK ）4 种处理，于2014—2016 年对花生果腐病、白绢病和蛴螬虫害的发生情况进行调查，并对花生产量及其构成因素进行考种分析。结果表明，水旱轮作不施药处理的花生果腐病病情指数和发病率分别较CK 显著降低90.40%和96.55%，防控效果达 96.34%；水旱轮作减施药处理对花生果腐病的防控效果为81.49%；旱旱轮作常规施药处理对花生果腐病无防控效果。水旱轮作和旱旱轮作常规施药处理对白绢病均无防控效果。水旱轮作不施药、水旱轮作减施药和旱旱轮作常规施药处理对蛴螬的防控效果分别为63.80%、65.50%和 66.20%。水旱轮作不施药与旱旱轮作常规施药处理相比，株结果数、株果重和产量分别显著降低 15.03%、12.14%和6.33%，株饱果数和出仁率分别显著提高13.88%和3.01%，株根瘤个数显著提高 166.22%；水旱轮作减施药与旱旱轮作常规施药处理相比，株结果数、株果重、产量、百仁重和出仁率均无显著差异，株饱果数显著提高14.33%，株根瘤个数显著提高122.97%。表明水旱轮作模式对花生果腐病和蛴螬有较理想的防控效果，且使花生产量结构明显优化，根瘤菌数量显著提高。关键词：水旱轮作；花生；蛴螬；果腐病；产量结构 Effects of different rotation patterns on peanut diseases, pests and yield Zhao Qinglei Xin Caiyun Wang Yu Yin Xiao Liu Qihua Lin Xiangqing* （Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rice, Shandong Rice Research Institute, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China） Abstract: To clarify the influence of paddy-upland rotation on soil-transmitted pests, diseases and pea- nuts yield, four types of treatments, including paddy-upland rotation without pesticides, paddy-upland rotation reduction pesticides, dry rotation with pesticides and dry rotation without pesticides (CK), were adopted. The occurrence of peanut pod rot, Sclerotium blight and grubs were investigated from 2014 to 2016, and peanut yield and its components were analyzed. The results showed that the disease index and morbidity of peanut pod rot from paddy-upland rotation without pesticides were 90.40% and 96.55% significantly lower than that of CK, the control ef