基于Maxent模型的互花米草潜在生境适宜性分析
摘要： 明确影响互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的主导环境因子及其潜在适生区对防控管治互花米草具有重要意义。本文以中国大陆滨海地区为研究区域，综合考虑气候、地形、土壤及海洋环境因子，利用生态位模型(Maxent)预测互花米草潜在适生区。结果表明：互花米草的分布受海拔影响最为显著，其主要分布于-2~5 m范围内。此外，当年平均气温介于14.0℃~23.5℃、土壤可交换钠盐含量介于26.4%~46.0%、气温极差介于14.2℃~26.3℃或海水盐度介于23.0%~28.3%及33.5%~33.8%时，互花米草存在概率均达到60%以上。互花米草高度适生区主要分布于江沪浙闽四省市以及莱州湾地区，该区域内适宜互花米草生长的海拔、年平均气温、气温极差、海水盐度分别为-1~0 m,17.9℃,23.0℃及27.5%。因土壤可交换钠盐含量空间异质性差异较小，故在该区域内对互花米草分布影响不明显。此外，大丰麋鹿、厦门珍稀海洋物种及漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区面临较高的互花米草入侵风险。
关键词: 互花米草, 环境因子, 生态位模型, 潜在适生区, 入侵风险
Abstract: Identifying the dominant environmental factors and potentially suitable areas for Spartina alterniflora prevention and control is critical. In this study,the coastal area of mainland China is taken as the research area,and the potentially suitable areas of S. alterniflora are predicted by using the Maxent model,considering the climate,topography,soil,and marine environmental factors. The results show that:the distribution of S. alterniflora is most significantly affected by the elevation,mainly distributed in the range of -2~5 m above the see level. In addition,the annual mean temperature,soil exchangeable sodium salts,extreme temperature variation,and seawater salinity also played an essential role in the distribution of S. alterniflora. When the annual mean temperature was 14.0℃~23.5℃,soil exchangeable sodium salts content was 26.4%~46.0%,the extreme temperature variation was 14.2℃~26.3℃,and the seawater salinity was 23.0%~28.3% or 33.5%~33.8%,the existence probability of S.alterniflora was above 60%. The highly suitable areas for S.alterniflora were mainly distributed in Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang,and Fujian provinces and the Laizhou Bay area. The elevation,annual mean temperature,extreme temperature variation,and seawater salinity suitable for S.alterniflora growth in this region were -1~0 m,17.9℃,23.0℃,and 27.5%,respectively. The effect of exchangeable sodium on the distribution of S.alterniflora was not immediately apparent due to the small spatial heterogeneity of its content in the soil. In addition,Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve,Xiamen Rare Marine Species National Nature Reserve,and Zhangjiangkou Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve face a high risk of S.alterniflora invasion.
Key words: Spartina alterniflora, Environmental factor, Maxent model, Potential suitable area, Invasion risk
中图分类号:
Q948
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