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类胡萝卜素介导的植物花色调控机制研究进展

花匠小妙招
2024-11-08 11:46

摘要：

花色是一种重要的花性状,对于有花植物的观赏园艺、生殖生态以及物种演化均具有非常关键的作用。有花植物花着色的关键决定因素是花色素的合成和沉积。类胡萝卜素作为一类重要的天然色素,不仅具有营养和药理特性,同时还是许多有花植物花着色的呈色色素。笔者对植物中的类胡萝卜素代谢途径及相关基因进行了梳理,并着重总结了类胡萝卜素代谢基因的表达及其转录调控对植物花着色的影响。当前,已知花中类胡萝卜素代谢基因的表达与类胡萝卜素积累及花着色紧密相关,但是关于这些基因在花中的转录调控机制研究还处于起步阶段。植物的花器官似乎采取了与叶、果实等其他器官完全不同的策略来精细调控类胡萝卜素的生物合成与积累,并且不同植物间尚未发现共通之处。笔者基于目前的研究进展,对未来类胡萝卜素介导的花着色调控机制研究进行了展望,认为随着高通量组学技术和现代分子生物学技术的迅猛发展,可尝试结合基因组、转录组、代谢组及最新的单细胞组学和空间组学等多组学技术和遗传转化及以CRISPR/Cas9为代表的基因组编辑技术,构建多种植物花着色过程中类胡萝卜素代谢的特异性分子调控网络,以期为进一步研究类胡萝卜素介导的花色变异与演化及花色育种提供有益参考。

关键词: 花色, 类胡萝卜素色素, 代谢通路, 转录调控

Abstract:

Color is an important flower trait that plays a key role in ornamental horticulture, reproductive ecology, and species evolution of flowering plants. The key determinants of flower coloration in flowering plants are synthesis and deposition of flower pigments. As a family of natural pigments, carotenoids not only have nutritional and pharmacological properties, but also are the main chromogenic pigments during flower coloration of many flowering plants. Here, we review the pathway for carotenoid metabolism and its related genes and summarize the effects of carotenoid metabolic gene expression and transcriptional regulation on the carotenoid accumulation and flower coloration. At present, it is well known that the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in flowers is closely related to the carotenoid accumulation and flower coloration; however, research on the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of these genes in flowers is still in the early stage. In particular, flowers seem to adopt different strategies for fine-tuning carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation compared to the other organs like leaves and fruits. Additionally, no consensus has been found among different plant species. Based on the current research progress, we prospect the future research on the regulation mechanisms of carotenoid-mediated flower coloration. With the rapid development of high-throughput omics technologies and molecular biology techniques, we suggest the combination of multi-omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and the latest single-cell omics and spatial omics, and genetic transformation and genome editing technology represented by CRISPR/Cas9 to de novo construct the specific molecular regulatory network of carotenoid metabolism during flower coloration of a variety of plants. We hope to provide a useful reference for the further research on flower color variation and evolution mediated by carotenoids and flower color breeding.

Key words: flower color, carotenoid pigment, metabolic pathway, transcriptional regulation

中图分类号:

S68