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植食性害虫食诱剂的研究与应用

花匠小妙招
2024-11-09 11:29

摘要： 植食性害虫主要取食植物的茎叶、果实、花蜜等，并且常对某些食物表现出明显的偏好性。植物挥发物在害虫食物偏好选择行为中发挥着重要作用。基于害虫偏好食源或其挥发物研制的食诱剂（也称"植物源引诱剂"），是一类重要的害虫绿色防控产品。20世纪初人们就开始利用发酵糖水、糖醋酒液等传统食诱剂进行害虫诱集防治。随着对害虫食源挥发物中信息物质认识的不断深入，通过组配天然提取或人工合成的挥发物组分，先后研制出实蝇、夜蛾、蓟马、甲虫等多类害虫的新型食诱剂。这些食诱剂大多对雌、雄害虫均有效，已在橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis、地中海实蝇Ceratitis capitata、棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera、苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella、西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis、西方玉米根萤叶甲Diabrotica virgifera virgifera、纵坑切梢小蠹Tomicus piniperda等重要害虫的监测和防治中发挥了重要作用。本文总结了已有食诱剂研发与应用过程中的经验和教训，并对今后食诱剂的发展方向与重点方面进行了分析和展望，以期促进植食性害虫食诱剂及其田间使用技术的创新发展。

关键词: 寄主植物, 挥发物, 偏好选择, 行为调控, 绿色防控

Abstract: Herbivorous insect pests mainly feed on the leaves, stems, fruits, and nectar of host plants, and they usually show evident preference for specific host foods. The volatile from host foods is the key information for host-plant selection by herbivorous pests. The food-based attractants (i.e., botanical attractants), based on volatiles from the preferred plants, can function as an important technique for green pest control. During the early 20th century, the traditional food-based attractants, such as fermented sugar solution and sugar-acetic acid-ethanol, had been used to attract and kill pests. With further understanding of the volatile composition from host foods, the food-based attractants of fruit flies, noctuid moths, thrips, beetles and others have been developed by assembling synthetic volatile organic compounds. The food-based attractants mostly can effectively attract both sexes of herbivorous insect pests, and play an important role in the monitoring and controlling of some important agricultural and forest pests, such as Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis capitata, Helicoverpa armigera, Cydia pomonella, Frankliniella occidentalis, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, and Tomicus piniperda. This paper summarized the experience of development and application of food-based attractants, and suggested prospective for the future development of food-based attractants, which will promote the scientific research and technical development of food-based attractants for crop insect pests.

Key words: host plant, plant volatiles, preference, behavioural manipulation, green pest control

中图分类号:

S476