花蜜化学成分及其生态功能研究进展
摘要：
花蜜化学成分及其生态功能是当今传粉生物学研究中最为活跃的领域之一。花蜜生态功能是基于植物传粉者的相互作用过程中花蜜各种化学成分生态意义的耦合。目前人们认为花蜜成分是植物为了提高自身繁殖适合度在吸引传粉者、驱避盗蜜者、保护花蜜免受微生物侵染等生态功能上的折中进化。本文综述了国内外有关花蜜中糖类、氨基酸、蛋白质、无机离子、脂类、酚类、生物碱及萜类等化学成分及其生态功能的最新研究结果；总结了花蜜化学成分的变化及其来源、花蜜化学在传粉者类群与传粉综合征中的重要作用；对今后花蜜化学及其生态功能的研究提出了两点建议：一是将分子技术和生态学结合起来，进一步揭示花蜜化学成分形成的分子机理，植物调控花蜜化学成分及其生态适应机制；二是开展群落水平的花蜜化学及其生态功能研究，探讨同期开花植物花蜜化学成分的差异及其与特化、泛化传粉者类群之间的相互关系，确定花蜜化学在群落水平上对植物传粉网络的影响机制。
关键词: 生态质量, 土地利用转型, 生态等级, 黑河中游地区
Abstract: The nectar compositions and their ecological functions have become one of the most active and promising areas among the recent pollination biology studies. The nectar ecological functions represent the coupled ecological significance of all nectar compounds in the context of plant-pollinator interactions. Currently, the nectar compounds are considered to be a tradeoff consequence of selective pressures on plant evolution in attracting pollinators, deterring nectar robbers and protecting nectar from microbial infestation for enhancing plant reproductive fitness. In this paper, we presented a review of the recent advances in the studies of chemical compounds that have been found in nectar rest on their ecological functions. The ecological functions of nectar sugars, amino acids, proteins, inorganic ions, lipids, phenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids were respectively proposed here. We further summarized the origins of nectar components and their differences among plants and emphasized the importance of nectar chemical characteristics research in the studies of pollinator guilds and pollination syndrome. In addition, for future research, we suggested that 1) molecular and ecological methods should be combined to elucidate the molecular mechanism of nectar production and thus to reveal the ecological adaptation mechanisms underlying the plant regulation on nectar composition and 2) experiments at the scale of the community and high taxonomic levels should be carried out to study nectar constituents combined with functions, to compare the variation of the nectar components for co-flowering species and thus to explore the interactive relationships among plants and their specialist or generalized pollinator groups, and to illustrate the potential mechanism of nectar chemical composition effect on pollination networks in plant community.
Key words: ecological quality,
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