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草原2号杂花苜蓿浸提液对4种牧草种子萌发的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-11-10 18:27

第18卷第5期Vol.18No.5草地学报ACTAAGRESTIASINICA2010年9月Sep.2010草原2号杂花苜蓿浸提液对4种牧草种子萌发的影响海棠1,胡跃高2,曾昭海2,阿拉坦花1(1.内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019;2.中国农业大学农学生物技术学院,北京100193)摘要:通过研究草原2号杂花苜蓿(Medicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2)浸提液对4种牧草种子萌发的影响,探索利用生物检测法初步确定其与自身及其他3种牧草间化感作用。用草原2号杂花苜蓿根、茎、叶水浸提液处理草原2号杂花苜蓿、蒙古冰草(AgropyronmongolicumKeng)、扁穗冰草(Agropyroncristatum(L.)Gaertn.)和红豆草(OnobrychisviciaefoliaScop.)的种子,测定其发芽率、苗高、根长,利用生物检测法确定草原2号杂花苜蓿对受体植物的化感效应。结果表明:草原2号杂花苜蓿的自毒性及化感作用存在浓度效应,即不同浓度的根、茎、叶浸提液对不同受体植物种子萌发、幼苗高度、根长影响效果不同,其叶浸提液对扁穗冰草和蒙古冰草种子发芽的抑制效应小于草原2号杂花苜蓿和红豆草;其叶、茎、根浸提液对蒙古冰草、扁穗冰草的苗高、根长的促进作用大于红豆草和草原2号杂花苜蓿;根据试验结果,初步认为草原2号杂花苜蓿与蒙古冰草、扁穗冰草混、间播效果要比与红豆草混、间播和单一连播杂花苜蓿效果好。关键词:杂花苜蓿;化感作用;水浸提液中图分类号:S54;Q945.34文献标识码:A文章编号:1007-0435(2010)05-0719-07EffectsofAqueousExtractsfromMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2onGrassSeedGerminationHAITang1,HUYao-gao2,ZENGZhao-hai2,ALATANHUA1(1.CollegeofEcologyandEnvironment,InnerMongolinaAgricultureUniversity,Huhhot,InnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion010019,China;2.DesertificationResearchCenter,ChinaAgricultureUniversity,Beijing100193,China)Abstract:AllelopathywasdeterminedbystudyingtheeffectofaMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2aque-ousextractonthegerminationofselectedgrassseedsusingbiologicaldetection.Root,stemandleafex-tractsofMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2wereusedtotreatseedsofMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2,AgropyronmongolicumKeng,Agropyroncristatum(L.)GaertnandOnobrychisviciaefoliaScop.Thepurposeofthisexperimentistomeasurethegerminationrate,heightofseedling,lengthofroot,andtheallelopathyofMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2andselectedreceptorplantsbybiologicaldetection.Re-sultsshowthattheseaqueousextractshaveself-toxicityforseedsofMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2andallelopathywithaconcentrationeffect.DifferentconcentrationsofaqueousextractformMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2root,stemandleafhavedifferenteffectsonthegerminationofseeds,heightofseedling,lengthofrootofdifferentreceptorplants.TheaqueousextractofMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2leaveshavelessinhibitoryeffectonAgropyroncristatum(L.)GaertnandAgropyronmongolicumKengthanMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2andOnobrychisviciaefoliaScop.TheaqueousextractofMedicagovar-iacv.caoyuanNo.2root,stemandleafhavegeaterpromotiononheightofseedlingandlengthofrootAgropyronmongolicumKengandAgropyroncristatum(L.)GaertnthanthatofOnobrychisviciaefoliaScopandMedicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2.Therefore,Medicagovariacv.caoyuanNo.2overdrillingmixedwitheitherAgropyronmongolicumKengorAgropyroncristatum(L.)GaertngrowbetterthanbothunicastandoverdrillingwithOnobrychisviciaefoliaScop.Keywords:Medicagovaria;Allelopathy;Aqueousextracts人工草地健康可持续发展的关键因素之一是牧草品种的合理搭配,生产中由于苜蓿(Medicagosa-tivaL.)具有化感作用,一般种植5年以后生产力逐渐下降,种过苜蓿的土壤很难重茬种植[1,2]。Te-sar和Webster[3,4]认为自毒性是造成苜蓿生产力下降和更新、补种失败的主要原因。自毒性是一种特殊的化感作用种内化感作用,即一个种的植物释放化学物质以抑制或延迟同一种类植物的萌发和生长[5]。苜蓿具有自毒性和化感作用现象[6,7],而且已经证实苜蓿能产生和释放化感物质抑制自身和其他作物的萌发和生长[8~10],苜蓿的这种自毒和化感抑制作用与其品种显著相关[11~17]。

收稿日期:2009-11-09;修回日期:2010-09-16基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41061026);内蒙古自然基金(20080404MS0510)资助作者简介:海棠(1963-),女,蒙古族,内蒙古巴彦淖尔市人,副教授,硕导,主要从事牧草栽培育种及土壤线虫分类的研究,E-mail:ha-itang63106@163.com