土壤污染对中药材三七中重金属含量的影响
摘要:三七是我国传统珍贵药用植物，药用价值极高，其市场需求量和种植面积不断增长。三七种植区多位于西南土壤重金属高背景区，叠加频繁的矿业活动及农药化肥的不合理使用，使土壤重金属含量较高，导致三七吸收富集重金属，具有潜在食品安全风险。此外，三七中重金属通过食物链积累、传递进入人体，亦具有潜在人体健康风险。前期研究主要集中于种植连作障碍和药用活性方面，关于其对环境污染物吸收分配特征及影响因素的综述性报道较少。因此，本文基于三七种植区土壤重金属（Cd、As、Pb、Hg和Cu）污染现状，概述三七重金属吸收、分配及富集特征，重点分析土壤重金属总量与生物有效性、土壤理化性质和环境因素对三七重金属含量与分布的影响，为阻控吸收、降低三七重金属含量，保障三七食品安全提供理论依据和技术参考。
Abstract:Panax notoginseng is a traditional medicinal plant in China with extremely high medicinal values, leading to the constant increase in market demand and expansion in planting area. The planting areas of P. notoginseng are mostly located in regions with high soil background values of heavy metals in southwest China. In addition, the frequent mining activities and unreasonable use of pesticides and fertilizers, lead to high heavy metals concentrations in soils, which induces their uptake and accumulation by P. notoginseng resulting in potential food safety risks in P. notoginseng. Heavy metals accumulated in P. notoginseng can be transferred into human bodies through the food chain, arising potential human health risks. Previous studies on P. notoginseng mainly focus on its continuous cropping obstacle and medicinal activity, limited information is available on its pollutant absorption and enrichment characteristics and the associated influencing factors. Therefore, this review summarizes heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Cu) pollution status in P. notoginseng growing soils and its absorption, distribution and accumulation characteristics, with more focus on illustrating the associated influencing factors including soil heavy metals total content and bioavailability, soil physical and chemical properties and environmental factors. The information in the review helps to develop strategies to reduce heavy metals uptake and accumulation in P. notoginseng and provides theoretical and technical supports to ensure its food safety.
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