治理环境污染的绿色植物修复技术
WANG Qing-Hai, QUE Xiao-E. Phytoremediation-a green approach to environmental clean-up[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(2): 261-266. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.00261
Citation: WANG Qing-Hai, QUE Xiao-E. Phytoremediation-a green approach to environmental clean-up[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(2): 261-266. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.00261
治理环境污染的绿色植物修复技术
1.北京市农林科学院 机构 北京草业与环境研究发展中心 北京 100097
2.中国林业科学研究院 机构 荒漠化研究所 北京 100091
基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B02)和北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX201103001)资助
计量 文章访问数: 2310 HTML全文浏览量: 84 PDF下载量: 2793 出版历程 收稿日期: 2012-11-09 修回日期: 2012-12-27 刊出日期: 2013-01-31Phytoremediation-a green approach to environmental clean-up
1.Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
2.Institute of Desertification Studies of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
摘要
摘要: 环境污染是全人类面临的重大挑战。植物修复技术的出现及逐步完善, 为人类治理环境污染提供了新的思路。植物修复技术包括植物萃取、植物固定、植物降解、植物促进、根滤作用和利用植物去除大气污染物等类型。成本低廉、环境友好是该技术的优势, 但修复周期长、污染物的生物有效性和毒性水平也限制了其应用。已知的大多数超富集植物生长缓慢、生物量小, 是制约植物修复技术应用的瓶颈。为进一步提高植物修复技术的效率, 未来研究应侧重于以下几个方向: 分子生物学和基因工程技术在超累积植物品种培育中的应用, 农事操作对植物修复技术的辅助作用, 植物 微生物联合修复技术在污染物吸收、转移和降解中的作用机制及应用, 以及生物、物理和化学等多种修复措施的综合利用, 同时开展大规模的田间验证试验, 将植物修复与景观建设、生物质能利用以及观赏植物种苗生产相结合。
关键词: 环境污染 / 植物修复 / 微生物 / 降解 / 富集Abstract: Acute and diffuse contamination of soil and water by heavy metals, radionuclides, explosives and organic/inorganic pollutants have caused extensive, environmental and social concerns across the globe. Among the techniques used for cleaning up environmental pollution, phytoremediation has emerged as a more recent innovative, cost-effective and environment-friendly alternative. Phytoremediation utilizes plants and microbes to remove, transform or stabilize a whole lot of contaminants in water bodies, sediments or soils. This review focused on the types, advantages and limitations of current state of knowledge and future directions of plant-based cleanup techniques. Phytoremediation technologies included phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, phytostimulation and rhizofiltration. Phytoremediation also had limitations especially when toxicity levels and bioavailability of the pollutants limited its applicability. Or, long cleanup periods had been the greatest shortfall of phytoremediation. The past years had seen notable advances in understanding hyperaccumulator plant selection and breeding; processes that affected pollutant availability, rhizosphere processes, pollu-tant uptake, translocation, degradation and volatilization. There had, however, been still areas that were quite underdeveloped. To further enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation, a number of research directions needed attention. These included molecular biology and genetic engineering in breeding hyperaccumulators, agronomic practices for maximized pollutant uptake by plants, mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions in rhizosphere, integrated remediation technologies, field validated remediation efficiency, integrated landscape architecture, and bioenergy/seeding production of ornamental plants.
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计量 文章访问数: 2310 HTML全文浏览量: 84 PDF下载量: 2793 出版历程 收稿日期: 2012-11-09 修回日期: 2012-12-27 刊出日期: 2013-01-31目录
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