豹子花属的花粉形态研究，兼论与百合属的界限问题
摘要：
本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜，对豹子花属Nomocharis 6种植物和百合属Lilium 4
种植物的花粉形态与外部特征作了较系统的比较研究，其结果如下： 1．豹子花属植物花粉的
萌发孔均为单沟(远极)型，根据其外壁结构及表面纹饰的特点，可分为基柱网纹型和网纹
型，结合外部形态特征推断，可能存在由基柱网纹→网纹的进化趋势。 2．百合属植物花粉
的萌发孔多为单沟(远极)型，稀为2一3孔型，然而，其中外部形态极为相近的小百合集合群与
尖被百合在花粉形态上表现出较大的差异，这一事实为研究百合科花粉的演化提供了线索。豹
子花属与百合属花粉虽在表面纹饰上存在区别，但从外部形态上，该属的一些种类与百合属极
为相近，反映出二属之间存在着较为紧密的亲缘关系。
关键词: 豹子花属, 百合属, 单沟, 2-3孔外壁结构, 基柱网纹, 网纹
Abstract:
In this work examined were pollen grains of 6 species of Nomocharis and
4 species of Lilium, all under LM and SEM, but Nomocharis saluenensis Balf. f. under
TEM. The pollen grains are monocolpate (distal) in Nomocharis, monocolpate or 2-
3-porate in the species of Lilium examined. Two types of pollen grains in Nomocharis
are recognized based upon the exine stratification and sculpture.
The pollen characters and gross morphology, and their evolutionary trends in both
Nomocharis and Lilium are discussed. Our conclusions are as follows:
1. Lilium henrici Franch. 、L. souliei (Franch.) Sealy 、L. lophophorum (Bur.
et Franch.) Franch. and L. nanum Klotz. et Garcke differ from Nomocharis in the ape-
rture and sculpturing elements. Their pollen morphology supports their being placed
in Lilium.
2. The pollen grains of both Lilium lophophorum (Bur. et Franch.) Franch. and
L. nanum aggregate are monocolpate or 2-3-porate, which shows an evolutionary trend
of aperture from monocolpate to porate, as suggested by Walker and others [Walker
et al., (1975), and Chanda (1979)].
3. In Balfour’s (1918) classification system of Nomocharis, N. pardanthina Franch.
and N. meleagrina Franch. belong to Sect. Nomocharis, while N. forrestii and N. biluo-
ensis are placed in Sect. Ecristata, but their pollen grains are all reticulate. They refer
to type I (see Table 2). Thus, it does not seem reasonable placing in a single section,
Sect. Ecristata, N. forrestii and N. biluoensis with the reticulate exine and N. saluenen-
sis and N. aperta with the two-row-ritipilate exine.
4. Nomocharis saluenensis Balf. f. differs from Lilium in the exine sculpture, which
seems to support placing it in Nomocharis.
5. Muri of N. forrestii Balf f. and N. biluoensis s.y. Liang show a tendency of
connecting each other by heads of pili, and these two species are intergraded with the
other species of the type I with respect to gross morphorlogical characters. It is thus
considered that the reticulate pollen grains in Nomocharis is derived from ritipilate
ones. This opinion is also held by Nair (1965).
6. Nomocharis differs from Lilium in the exine ornamentation, but some species
of Nomocharis are very similar to Lilium in the gross morphology. It shows the close
affinity between Nomocharis and Lilium.
Key words: Nomocharis, Lilium, Monocolpate, 2-3-porate, Exine ornamentation, Ritipilate, Reticulate.
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