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Systematics and phylogeography of the Dactylorhiza maculata complex (Orchidaceae) in Scandinavia: insights from cytological, morphological and molecular data

花匠小妙招
2024-11-23 05:18

摘要

Flow cytometry, morphometry and molecular markers [plastid DNA and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA] were used to determine taxonomic and phylogeographic patterns in Dactylorhiza maculata s.l. from Scandinavia. A total of 238 individuals from 27 populations from throughout all of Scandinavia, including the adjacent Kola Peninsula of Russia, were analyzed. Diploid D. maculata ssp. fuchsii and autotetraploid D. maculata ssp. maculata are morphologically differentiated. Fragment size variants from 10 plastid DNA loci (seven microsatellite loci and three loci with indel variation) were combined to give 43 haplotypes. Three major groups of haplotypes were found. Group I haplotypes were prevalent in the north and the northeast, whereas Group II haplotypes were prevalent in the south and the southwest. Group III was represented by only a single haplotype and appeared to be the result of introgression from D. incarnata s.l. Group I and Group II haplotypes did not correspond with cytologically and morphologically defined D. maculata ssp. fuchsii or D. maculata ssp. maculata. Past introgressive gene flow rather than recent hybridization is envisaged. Intermediate Group I haplotypes between Group II and the rest of Group I were detected in a zone of contact in central Sweden, which may suggest plastid DNA recombination. The six ITS alleles scored showed strong positive correlation with taxonomy. All data sets obtained for ssp. maculata were significantly correlated with geography. Three different autotetraploid lineages are hypothesized. One lineage may represent postglacial immigration from the south and the other two lineages may represent eastern immigration routes. Morphology and ITS data suggested that subarctic populations of ssp. maculata should be recognized as var. kolac+/-nsis.展开▼

机译：流式细胞仪，形态学和分子标记[质体DNA和核糖体DNA的内部转录间隔区（ITS）]用于确定黄D（Dactylorhiza maculata s.l.）的分类学和系统地理学模式。来自斯堪的那维亚。分析了来自整个斯堪的纳维亚半岛（包括相邻的俄罗斯科拉半岛）的27个人口的238个人。二倍体D.maculata ssp。紫红色和四倍体D. maculata ssp。黄斑在形态上有所区别。将来自10个质体DNA基因座的片段大小变异体（七个微卫星基因座和三个indel变异基因座）组合在一起，得到43个单倍型。发现了三个主要的单体型组。第一类单倍型在北部和东北流行，而第二类单倍型在南部和西南流行。第三组仅由一个单倍型代表，并且似乎是由D. incarnata s.l.渗入的结果。第一组和第二组单倍型不符合细胞学和形态学上确定的黄斑石。 fuchsii或D. maculata ssp。斑。设想过去的基因渗入而不是最近的杂交。在瑞典中部的一个接触区中检测到II组和I组其余部分之间的I组中间单体型，这可能表明质体DNA重组。得分的六个ITS等位基因与分类学显示出强正相关。为ssp获取的所有数据集。黄斑与地理显着相关。假设三种不同的同源四倍体谱系。一个宗族可能代表南方的冰川后移民，另外两个宗族可能代表东部的移民路线。形态学和ITS数据表明，该亚种为弧形亚种。 maculata应该被识别为var。 kolac +/- nsis。展开▼