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Evolution of Terpene Synthases in Orchidaceae,International Journal of Molecular Sciences

花匠小妙招
2024-11-23 05:20

Terpenoids are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites and are one of the major emitted volatile compounds released to the atmosphere. They have functions of attracting pollinators or defense function, insecticidal properties, and are even used as pharmaceutical agents. Because of the importance of terpenoids, an increasing number of plants are required to investigate the function and evolution of terpene synthases (TPSs) that are the key enzymes in terpenoids biosynthesis. Orchidacea, containing more than 800 genera and 28,000 species, is one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants, and is widely distributed. Here, the diversification of the TPSs evolution in Orchidaceae is revealed. A characterization and phylogeny of TPSs from four different species with whole genome sequences is available. Phylogenetic analysis of orchid TPSs indicates these genes are divided into TPS-a, -b, -e/f, and g subfamilies, and their duplicated copies are increased in derived orchid species compared to that in the early divergence orchid, A. shenzhenica. The large increase of both TPS-a and TPS-b copies can probably be attributed to the pro-duction of different volatile compounds for attracting pollinators or generating chemical defenses in derived orchid lineages; while the duplications of TPS-g and TPS-e/f copies occurred in a species-dependent manner.

中文翻译：

兰科萜烯合成酶的进化

萜类化合物是植物次生代谢物中最大的一类，也是释放到大气中的主要挥发性化合物之一。它们具有吸引传粉者的功能或防御功能、杀虫特性，甚至用作药剂。由于萜类化合物的重要性，需要越来越多的植物来研究萜烯合酶（TPS）的功能和进化，萜类化合物是萜类生物合成的关键酶。兰科植物包含 800 多个属、28,000 种，是开花植物中最大、种类最多的科之一，分布广泛。在这里，揭示了兰科植物TPS进化的多样性。来自四个不同物种的具有全基因组序列的TPS的特征和系统发育是可用的。兰花TPS的系统发育分析表明这些基因分为TPS-a 、 -b 、 -e/f和g亚科，并且与早期分化兰花A相比，它们的重复拷贝在衍生兰花物种中有所增加。深圳. TPS-a和TPS-b拷贝的大量增加可能归因于产生不同的挥发性化合物，以吸引传粉者或在衍生兰花谱系中产生化学防御；而TPS-g和TPS-e/f拷贝的重复则以物种依赖性方式发生。