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磷肥用量对石灰性紫色土壤油麦菜产量、品质和养分形态的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-12-12 07:22

摘要： 通过大田试验研究了两种磷含量石灰性紫色菜园土不同磷(0,45,90,135,180,270 kg/hm2)施肥水平对油麦菜产量、品质和养分形态的影响。结果表明,两个试验点施用磷肥均能显著提高油麦菜产量,增产率分别为9.5%~26.7%和8.1%~21.3%,均以P4(180 kg P2O5/hm2)最高,且施用磷肥对油麦菜的增产效果以试验点1(含湖村)优于试验点2(含金村)。磷肥施用量与油麦菜产量存在极显著的二次回归关系,试验点1油麦菜最高产量和经济最佳产量施磷量为219和215 kg/hm2,试验点2为195和191 kg/hm2。试验点1各处理维生素C、氨基酸和可溶性糖含量均呈下降趋势,以P2降幅最大(达15.8%,27.8%和14.0%),而硝酸盐含量呈上升趋势;试验点2各处理油麦菜维生素C含量呈上升趋势,以P4、P5增幅较大(为6.3%和20.4%),氨基酸和可溶性糖含量呈降低趋势,以P4降幅最大(为35.0%和8.3%),硝酸盐含量呈下降趋势,以P2降幅最大(6.9%)。两个试验点油麦菜全氮磷含量均以P4最高,氮磷钾养分形态均分别以蛋白氮、非蛋白磷、非蛋白钾为主。各养分以钾素与油麦菜品质间的关系更为密切,试验点1油麦菜全钾含量与维生素C、氨基酸含量均呈显著正相关,而试验点2油麦菜蛋白钾含量与维生素C含量呈显著负相关。两个试验点油麦菜磷素利用率均以P1最高(8.14%和9.38%),P4次之(4.64%和7.42%)。综合油麦菜各指标效应认为,在本研究区域有效磷(30~60 mg/kg)缺乏的石灰性紫色菜园土壤环境条件下,推荐施磷量为180 kg P2O5/hm2。

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to examine lettuce production in ‘calcareous purple’ soils with six different phosphate (P) levels (0, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 270 kg/ha P2O5) at two sites (1. Hanhu village and 2. Hanjin village) in order to investigate effects of the different P fertilizer levels on yield, quality and plant nutrient form in lettuce. Yields of lettuce for the two sites were significantly increased (9.5%-26.7% and 8.1%-21.3%, respectively) by application of P fertilizer and maximum yields were obtained from the P4 treatment (180 kg P2O5/ha). There was a significant quadratic regression relationship between P fertilizer rates and yields of lettuce, the maximum yield and economic optimum application rates were, respectively, 219 and 215 kg/ha (P2O5) for site No.1, and 195 and 191 kg/ha for experimental site No.2. Contents of vitamin C, amino acids and soluble sugar of lettuce were reduced in all treatments and in the P2 treatment were decreased, respectively, by 15.8%, 27.8% and 14.0% for site No.1. At site No. 2, nitrate contents of the lettuce were decreased and vitamin C contents were improved in all treatments and were increased by 6.3% and 20.4% in P4 and P5 treatments, respectively. Levels of amino acids and soluble sugar were reduced in all treatments and for the P4 treatment were decreased by 35.0% and 8.3%, respectively. Nitrate contents were reduced, with the P2 treatment decreased by 6.9%. The highest contents of total-N and total-P of lettuce were achieved in the P4 treatment for both experimental sites. With respect to forms of plant nutrients: N, P and K were mainly present as protein-N, non-protein-P and non-protein-K, respectively in the lettuce. K levels correlated more closely with lettuce quality than did N and P levels. Total-K showed a significantly positive correlation with vitamin C and amino acid levels for site No.1, but protein-K showed a negative correlation with vitamin C for site No.2. The maximum P use efficiency was obtained from the P1 treatment (8.14% and 9.38%, respectively), followed by the P4 treatment (4.64% and 7.42%, respectively), for the two experimental sites. Overall, from this study, the recommended application rate of P fertilizer for P-deficient ‘calcareous purple soil’ used for vegetable production was 180 kg/ha (P2O5) under these conditions.