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荞麦Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

花匠小妙招
2024-12-30 18:03

荞麦Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

别名：额耻;额启;花麦;花荞;净物草;南荞;普通荞麦;荞子;三角麦;甜荞;学肠草;野荞麦;莜麦;

科名：蓼科 Polygonaceae

属名：荞麦属 Fagopyrum

《中国植物志》第25(1)卷116页
  8.荞麦（本草纲目）甜荞图版27: 3-4
  Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Moth. Pl. 290. 1794; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 143. 1856; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5: 55. 1886; 湖北植物志1: 216.图290. 1976; Hara, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: 174. 1982;西藏植物志1: 604. 1983; Borod. in Pl. Asiae Centr. 9: 121. 1989.——Polygonum fagopyrum L. Sp. Pl. 364. 1753; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 339. 1891; Sam. in Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 185. 1929; Stew. in Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 116. 1930; Kung in Fl. Ill. N. Chine 5: 62. Pl. 26. 1936. ——P. emarginatum Roth, Cat. Bot: 1: 48. 1797.——Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. Exercit. Phyt. 2: 435. 1792 nom. illegit.; 东北草本植物志2: 66.图61. 1959.
  一年生草本。茎直立，高30-90厘米，上部分枝，绿色或红色，具纵棱，无毛或于一侧沿纵棱具乳头状突起。叶三角形或卵状三角形，长2.5-7厘米，宽2-5厘米，顶端渐尖，基部心形，两面沿叶脉具乳头状突起；下部叶具长叶柄，上部较小近无梗；托叶鞘膜质，短筒状，长约5毫米，顶端偏斜，无缘毛，易破裂脱落。花序总状或伞房状，顶生或腋生，花序梗一侧具小突起；苞片卵形，长约2.5毫米，绿色，边缘膜质，每苞内具3-5花；花梗比苞片长，无关节，花被5深裂，白色或淡红色，花被片椭圆形，长3-4毫米；雄蕊8,比花被短，花药淡红色；花柱3,柱头头状。瘦果卵形，具3锐棱，顶端渐尖，长5-6毫米，暗褐色，无光泽，比宿存花被长。花期5-9月，果期6-10月。
  我国各地有栽培，有时逸为野生。生荒地、路边。亚洲、欧洲有栽培。
  种子含丰富淀粉，供食用；为蜜源植物；全草入药，治高血压、视网膜出血、肺出血。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
荞麦 qiao mai
Fagopyrum emarginatum (Roth) Meisner; ?F. emarginatum var. kunawarense Meisner; F. zuogongense Q. F. Chen; Polygonum emarginatum Roth; P. fagopyrum Linnaeus.
Herbs annual. Stems green or red when mature, erect, 30-90 cm tall, branched above, glabrous or papillate on one side. Petiole 1.5-5 cm; leaf blade triangular, 2.5-7 × 2-5 cm, both surfaces papillate along veins, base cordate or nearly truncate, apex acuminate; ocrea caducous, ca. 5 mm, membranous, oblique, not ciliate. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, racemose or corymbose; peduncles 2-4 cm, papillate along one side; bracts green, ovate, 2.5-3 mm, margin membranous, each 3- or 5-flowered. Pedicels longer than bracts, not articulate. Perianth pink or white; tepals elliptic, 3-4 mm. Anthers pinkish. Styles heterostylous. Achenes exceeding persistent perianth, dark brown, opaque, ovoid, sharply trigonous, 5-6 mm, surfaces flat. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 16*, 32*.
Probably native to China, but commonly cultivated and easily escaping [cultivated in Bhutan, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, and Sikkim; also Australia, Europe, and North America].

《全国中草药汇编》:荞麦

【拼音名】 Qiáo Mài
【别名】花麦、三角麦
【来源】蓼科荞麦属植物荞麦Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.[F. sagittatum Gilib; Polygonum fagopyrum L.]，以种子、茎、叶入药。秋季采收，晒干。
【性味】甘、平，寒。
【功能主治】茎叶：降压，止血。适用于高血压，毛细血管脆弱性出血，防治中风，视网膜出血，肺出血。
种子：健胃，收敛。用于止虚汗。炒香研末，外用收敛止汗，消炎。
【摘录】《全国中草药汇编》