麦瘟病与小麦抗麦瘟基因研究进展
摘要：
小麦麦瘟病,由梨孢菌小麦专化型(Magnaporthe oryzae, sp. Triticum, MoT) 侵染所致,最早于1985年在巴西发现,随后传播到其他南美国家。2016与2017年,麦瘟病登陆亚洲,相继在孟加拉国和印度暴发,对亚洲乃至全世界的小麦生产形成了潜在威胁。近年来,世界各国的科学家对麦瘟病进行了广泛和深入的研究,取得了较大进展。本文对小麦麦瘟病病原菌、侵染过程、流行因素和小麦抗病基因的研究进展进行了综述,并介绍了小麦麦瘟病抗性评价的方法。本研究组研究发现,在人工接种条件下,水稻来源的稻瘟病菌株(MoO)可侵染小麦引起典型麦瘟症状。笔者认为,虽然目前我国还没有麦瘟病发生的报道,但部分地区存在麦瘟病的发病条件,随着全球气候变暖麦瘟病有暴发的可能,需引起高度重视。建议加快麦瘟病发病机理及小麦抗性基因发掘的研究,以提升我国麦瘟病的研究水平,并为预防麦瘟病的发生未雨绸缪。
关键词: 小麦麦瘟病, 梨孢菌小麦专化型, 抗病基因, 互作, 鉴定方法
Abstract:
Wheat blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae (syn.Magnaporthe oryzae), had an outbreak in Brazil in 1985 and spreaded to neighboring countries soon. In 2016 and 2017, a severe outbreak happened in Bangladesh and India, respectively, whcih has caused severe impacts on local wheat yield and economics. There is no effective controlling measure at present, thus breeding for resistance is an alternative, environmentally friendly method to control blast disease. And we found the MoO pathotype of P.oryzae could infect wheat via lab inoculation. In this paper, we deem that wheat blast did not been found in China yet, but China is at increased risk for the overwhelming wheat blast since global warming continues. Thus we still need to pay great attention to it, and we should strengthen cooperation and communication with international wheat blast researchers. In addition, we also introduce inoculated methods to identify resistance genes in both seedling and heading stages, which will contribute to identification of resistance genes in wheat accessions of China, providing a reference for resistance breeding and further researches.
Key words: wheat blast, Pyricularia oryzae, resistance genes, interaction, identified method
中图分类号:
S435.12
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