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蓝莓果实花青苷积累与内源激素含量动态变化

花匠小妙招
2025-01-03 19:47

摘要: 为明确蓝莓果实花青苷积累与内源激素含量动态变化，本研究以5年生高丛蓝莓品种‘日出’和‘喜来’的果实为试验材料，运用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、气相色谱法、示差法等技术，测定了果实中花青苷含量、可溶性糖含量与5大内源激素(玉米素(ZT)、脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、乙烯(ETH))含量的变化规律并分析其相关性。结果表明，对整个蓝莓果实生长发育期间可溶性糖含量进行HPLC分析测定显示，蓝莓果实发育过程中主要以积累葡萄糖和果糖为主，蓝莓果实中可溶性糖的积累主要在果实发育后期。通过气相色谱测定蓝莓果实的ETH含量和ELISA试剂盒测定IAA、GA3、ZT、ABA显示，GA3与ZT含量较低，整体是先上升后下降的趋势，在果实发育中期出现一个峰值，IAA含量在蓝莓生长发育的过程中整体呈下降趋势，与之相反，蓝莓果实内ABA与ETH的含量变化总体呈上升的趋势。对整个蓝莓果实生长发育期间的花青苷含量、可溶性糖含量和内源激素含量3者之间进行相关性分析显示，ABA和ETH为糖类物质重要诱导因子，共同促进果实成熟和花青苷积累，IAA抑制糖类物质的积累和花青苷的合成，而GA3对糖类物质及花青苷的合成积累调控作用不明显，ABA、IAA和ETH等激素协同调控果实成熟过程。

关键词: 蓝莓 / 果实 / 花青苷 / 可溶性糖 / 内源激素

Abstract: In order to explore the dynamic changes of anthocyanin accumulation and endogenous hormone contents in blueberry, in this study, taking the fruits of 5-year-old cultivars 'Sierra' and 'Sunrise' as experimental material, the contents of anthocyanin, soluble sugar, five endogenous hormones(ZT, ABA, IAA, GA3, ETH) and their correlations were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography, differential colorimetric method and other technologies. The content of soluble sugar in the whole blueberry fruit was analyzed by HPLC. The results showed that during the development of fruit, the accumulation of glucose and fructose was the main, and the accumulation of soluble sugar in blueberry fruit was mainly at the later stage of fruit development. The content of ethylene (ETH) in blueberry fruit was determined by gas chromatography, IAA, GA3, ZT, ABA were determined by ELISA kit. The results showed that the contents of GA3 and ZT in the blueberry fruit were lower than those in control, the whole trend was to rise first and then decline, and a peak occurred in the middle of fruit development. IAA content overall declined in the growth and development of blueberry, while the content changes of ABA and ETH in blueberry fruit showed a rising trend in general. During the whole growth and development period of blueberry fruit, correlation analysis of anthocyanin content, soluble sugar content and endogenous hormone content showed that, ABA and ETH are the important inducing factors for sugars and together to promote fruit ripening and the accumulation and synthesis of anthocyanin. IAA restrained the accumulation of sugars and anthocyanin synthesis. However, the regulation function of GA3 in the above field was not obvious. ABA, IAA and ETH coordinatedly regulate the process of fruit ripening.

图 1 果实生长发育曲线

Figure 1. Development curves of fruit

图 2 不同时期蓝莓果实可溶性糖和花青苷含量

A. ‘喜来’果实不同时期的可溶性糖含量；B. ‘日出’果实不同时期的可溶性糖含量；C. ‘喜来’和‘日出’果实不同时期的花青苷含量。

Figure 2. Contents of soluble sugar and anthocyanin in blueberry at different stages

A, content of soluble sugar of 'Sierra' at different stages; B, content of soluble sugar of 'Sunrise' at different stages; C, anthocyanin content of 'Sierra' and 'Sunrise' at different stages.

图 3 蓝莓果实发育过程中内源激素的含量变化

Figure 3. Changes in the content of endogenous hormone in the development of blueberry fruit

表 1 蓝莓果实中花青苷含量与可溶性糖含量的相关性分析

Table 1 Correlation analysis between anthocyanin content and soluble sugar content in blueberry fruit

品种
Cultivar 蔗糖含量Sucrose content 葡萄糖含量Glucose content 果糖含量Fructose content ‘喜来’‘Sierra’ 0.415 0.910** 0.897** ‘日出’‘Sunrise’ 0.547 0.880** 0.843**注：**表示在P＜0.01水平上显著相关。下同。Notes: ** indicates significant correlation at P＜0.01 level. The same below.

表 2 蓝莓果实中内源激素含量与可溶性糖含量的相关性分析

Table 2 Correlation analysis between endogenous hormone content and soluble sugar content in blueberry fruit

品种
Cultivar 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar 相关系数Correlation coefficient ABA含量
ABA content IAA含量
IAA content ETH含量
ETH content ZT含量
ZT content GA3含量
GA3 content ‘喜来’‘Sierra’ 蔗糖Sucrose 0.293 -0.360 0.563 -0.117 -0.316 果糖Fructose 0.856*** -0.649** 0.876*** 0.330 0.316 葡萄糖Glucose 0.886*** -0.646** 0.910*** 0.294 0.279 ‘日出’‘Sunrise’ 蔗糖Sucrose 0.612 -0.402 0.449 -0.029 -0.020 果糖Fructose 0.882*** -0.682** 0.841*** 0.006 0.014 葡萄糖Glucose 0.875*** -0.665** 0.818*** -0.034 -0.025注：*表示在P＜0.05水平上显著相关。下同。Notes: * indicates significant correlation at P＜0.05 levels. Same as below.

表 3 蓝莓果实内花青苷含量与内源激素含量的相关性分析

Table 3 Correlation analysis between anthocyanin content and endogenous hormone content in blueberry fruit

品种Cultivar ABA含量
ABAcontent IAA含量
IAA content ETH含量
ETH content ZT含量
ZT content GA3含量
GA3 content ‘喜来’‘Sierra’ 0.879** -0.817** 0.835** 0.636* 0.621 ‘日出’‘Sunrise’ 0.796** -0.734** 0.831** 0.359 0.365 [1]

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