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多花黄精不同龄节药材质量研究

花匠小妙招
2025-02-03 12:42

摘要:

目的通过研究多花黄精不同龄节药材质量，为其产地采收初加工、分级分类和临床合理用药量的配伍提供依据。

方法按照2015版《中国药典》（一部和四部）测定贵州省六枝特区多花黄精不同龄节的水分、浸出物、灰分和多糖含量，利用比色法测定黄酮含量，采用主成分分析法分析其不同龄节的质量变化并进行综合评价。

结果灰分以2年龄节最低，为1.38%；醇溶性浸出物以2年龄节最高，为78.04%；多糖以1年龄节最高，为14.65%，1~3年龄节的多糖含量符合药典标准，而4年和5年龄节的多糖含量低于药典标准；黄酮以2年龄节中最高，为1.91%；灰分与药用成分均呈负相关。主成分分析，多花黄精不同龄节的质量排名依次为2、1、3、4、5年。

结论在多花黄精产地初加工时可将不同龄节进行分级，其中2年龄节为1级，1年龄节为2级，3年龄节为3级。在临床中，可根据多花黄精药材的不同质量进行合理用药量的配伍。

关键词: 多花黄精 / 龄节 / 质量

Abstract:

Objective Quality of sections of different age on a medicinal Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua plant was analyzed for processing, commercial classification, and clinic dosage determination.

Method According to the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Part 1 and Part 4), contents of moisture, ethanol extracts, ashes, and polysaccharides in sections of different ages on P. cyrtonema plants harvested in Liuzhi Special Zone of Guizhou Province were determined. Flavonoids content was measured by colorimetry.

Result Among sections of different ages on the plants, the lowest ash content of 1.38% was found on the 2-year-old specimens; the highest alcohol extract of 78.04% on the 2-year-olds; and the highest polysaccharides of 14.45% on the one-year-olds. The polysaccharide contents of the one to 3 years old sections met the pharmacopoeia standard, but the 4- and 5-year-olds did not. The highest content of flavonoids was 1.91% found on 2-year-lod plant sections. The content of ashes inversely correlated with those other functional components. The principal component analysis ranked the order of sections on their contents of the functional substances as 2-year-old>1-year-old>3-year-old>4-year-old>5-year-old.

Conclusion For processing into market products, the harvested P. cyrtonema plants could be sorted according to the age of plant sections, such as, the 2-year-olds as Grade 1, 1-year-old as Grade 2, and 3-year-old as Grade 3. For clinical applications, appropriate dosages could be determined according to the grades as well.

图 1 种植年限为5年的多花黄精

Figure 1. Five-year-old P. cyrtonema plants

图 2 不同龄节的折干率

注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05），不同大写字母表示差异极显著（P＜0.01），图3、4和表1～2同。

Figure 2. Percent yield on weight of dehydrated plant sections of different ages

Note:Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P＜0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate that the difference is extremely significant (P＜0.01). Fig.3–4 and Table 1–2 are the same.

图 3 不同龄节的水分含量

Figure 3. Moisture content of plant sections of different ages

图 4 不同龄节灰分含量

Figure 4. Ash content of plant sections of different ages

表 1 多花黄精不同龄节浸出物含量

Table 1 Ethanol extracts in plant sections of different ages

类型
Type醇溶性浸出物
Alcohol soluble extract水溶性浸出物
Water soluble extract 一年龄节
1-year-old section 77.89±0.68 aA 75.12±0.69 bA 二年龄节
2-year-old section 78.04±1.32 aA 76.74±0.76 aA 三年龄节
3-year-old section 75.10±0.12 bB 71.11±0.47 cB 四年龄节
4-year-old section 71.75±0.28 cC 66.86±0.60 dC 五年龄节
5-year-old section 69.41±1.20 dC 63.27±0.41 eD 变异系数
Coefficient of variation 4.88 7.41

表 2 多花黄精不同龄节多糖、黄酮含量

Table 2 Polysaccharides and flavonoids in plant sections of different ages

类型
Type多糖
Polysaccharides黄酮
Flavonoids 一年龄节 1-year-old section 14.65±1.83 aA 1.61±0.33 abA 二年龄节 2-year-old section 12.36±0.69 bAB 1.91±0.84 aA 三年龄节 3-year-old section 9.77±0.28 cB 1.67±0.42 abA 四年龄节 4-year-old section 3.54±0.54 dC 1.21±0.24 abA 五年龄节 5-year-old section 4.00±0.57 dC 0.66±0.12 bA 变异系数 Coefficient of variation 53.03 46.71

表 3 多花黄精各检测指标相关性分析

Table 3 Correlation analysis on tested parameters

指标
Item折干率
Drying rate水分
Moisture灰分
Ash醇溶性浸出物
Alcohol soluble extract水溶性浸出物
Water soluble extract多糖
Polysaccharide黄酮
Flavonoids 折干率 Drying rate 1.000 水分 Moisture −0.04 1.000 灰分 Ash −0.880* −0.251 1.000 醇溶性浸出物 Alcohol soluble extract 0.722 0.264 −0.683 1.000 水溶性浸出物 Water soluble extract 0.708 0.180 0.634 0.995** 1.000 多糖 Polysaccharide 0.522 0.143 −0.357 0.930* 0.953* 1.000 黄酮 Flavonoids 0.909* 0.095 −0.821 0.941* 0.936* 0.809 1.000 注：*表示相关性差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05），**表示相关性达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。
Note: * indicates that the correlation difference reach significant level (P＜0.05), and ** indicates that the correlation reach a very significant level (P＜0.01).

表 4 特征合计值、方差贡献及累计贡献率

Table 4 Total score on features, variance contribution rate, and cumulative contribution rate

成分
Composition初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue 提取平方和载入 Extract the sum of squares and load合计
A combined方差贡献率
Variance contribution rate/% 累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate/% 合计
A combined方差贡献率
Variance contribution rate/%累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate/% 1 4.322 72.030 72.030 4.322 72.030 72.030 2 0.990 16.507 88.538 0.990 16.508 88.537 3 0.673 11.219 99.756 4 0.015 0.244 100.000 5 0.000 0.000 100.000 6 0.000 0.000 100.000

表 5 各成分主成分的特征向量

Table 5 Characteristic vector of each principal component

指标 Item成分 Composition12 水分 Moisture 0.255 0.946 灰分 Ash −0.752 −0.195 水溶性浸出物 Water soluble extract 0.994 −0.010 醇溶性浸出物 Alcohol soluble extract 0.984 −0.103 多糖 Polysaccharide 0.892 −0.177 黄酮 Flavonoids 0.969 −0.123

表 6 多花黄精不同龄节药材主成分、综合成分得分与排序

Table 6 Main components, comprehensive score on component, and ranking of P. cyrtonema plant sections of different ages

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