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贵州喀斯特石漠化地区苔藓结皮对土壤酶活性及碳氮磷含量的影响

花匠小妙招
2025-02-23 06:09

摘要:

目的探索在喀斯特石漠化退化生态系统下苔藓结皮及覆被土壤的养分的变化特征，以期为喀斯特石漠化生态环境修复提供新的理论参考。

方法以我国贵州典型喀斯特石漠化生态系统－花江石漠化综合治理示范区的苔藓结皮覆被土壤、移除结皮（一年后）以及裸土为研究对象，采用双因素分析方法探讨不同石漠化（无、轻、中、重度）生境下有无结皮覆被及不同土层深度（结皮层、0 ~ 5 cm、5 ~ 10 cm）对土壤酶活性、土壤碳氮磷含量及计量特征的影响。

结果 ①苔藓结皮层土壤脲酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性均随着石漠化的等级的升高而升高，而蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶则无显著变化；无石漠化区的土壤有机碳含量和碳/氮、碳/磷、氮/磷比值显著高于轻、中、重度石漠化区。②土壤碳氮磷含量及计量特征、酶活性在结皮层与结皮下土层间存在显著差异，结皮层显著高于结皮下0 ~ 5 cm和5 ~ 10 cm土壤。③与苔藓结皮相比，除脲酶活性外，移除结皮一年后的土壤蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性、碳氮磷含量及计量特征均有所减少，而与裸土相比则无明显变化。

结论苔藓结皮的存在提高了其覆被土壤的酶活性及碳氮磷含量，突出了苔藓结皮在退化喀斯特石漠化生境中生态功能的重要性。

Abstract:

Objective Exploring the characteristics of nutrient changes in moss crusts and covered soil in karst rocky desertification, and its positive ecological benefits could provide a new theoretical reference for the ecological environment restoration of karst rocky desertification.

Method In this paper, soil covered by moss crusts, soils deprived of biocrust-forming mossess (one year later)and bare soils in different levels of rocky desertification (none, light, moderate and severe) in the typical rocky desertification ecosystem –Huajiang rocky desertification area in Guizhou province of China ,were used to investigate the effects of moss crusts on soil enzyme activities, and contents of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and stoichiometric characteristics of different karst desertification grades (none, light, moderate, and severe) and different soil depths (crust layer, 0-5 cm, and 5-10 cm).

Result ① Activities of urease (UE) and β-glucosidase (BG) in moss crust layer increased with the degradation progress of karst desertification. While soil sucrase (SC) and alkaline phosphatase desertification (AKP) did not change significantly. SOC, C/N, C/P, and N/P contents were significantly higher in sample sites of no rocky desertification than those of light, moderate, and sever grades. ② Soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and stoichiometric characteristics, enzyme activities (SC, BG, AKP) in crust layer were significantly higher than those in sub-crust layers (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm). ③ Compared with moss crusts, activities of soil SC, AKP, BG and contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and stoichiometric characteristics decreased significantly one year after crust removal, while did not significantly change compared with bare soil.

Conclusion The existence of moss crusts improve soil enzyme activities, and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, which highlights the important ecological function of moss crusts in degraded karst rocky desertification ecosystems, and its positive ecological benefits could provide a new theoretical reference for the ecological environment restoration of karst rocky desertification.

图 1 采样点信息

Figure 1. Sampling point information

图 2 不同等级石漠化苔藓结皮覆被土壤的酶活性

不同大写字母表示同一石漠化等级在不同土层深度之间差异显著，不同小写字母表示不同石漠化低等级在同一土层深度之间差异显著（P < 0.05）。*表示P < 0.05，**表示P < 0.01，***表示P < 0.001，ns表示无显著差异。下同。

Figure 2. Enzyme activities of moss crusts covered soils in areas of different degrees of rocky desertification

图 3 不同等级石漠化苔藓结皮覆被土壤的碳、氮、磷含量及化学计量特征

Figure 3. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and stoichiometric characteristics of moss crusts covered soil in areas of different degrees of rocky desertification

图 4 有无苔藓结皮覆被对各土壤酶活性的影响

不同小写字母表示相同石漠化等级下不同类型之间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

Figure 4. Effects of the presence or not of the cover of moss crusts on soil enzyme activities

图 5 有无结皮覆被对土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量的影响

Figure 5. Effects of the presence or not of the cover of moss crusts on contents of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus

表 1 土壤酶活性与土壤化学性质的相关性

Table 1 Correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil chemical properties

蔗糖酶
Sucrase葡萄糖苷酶
β-glucosidase碱性磷酸酶
Alkaline
phosphatase脲酶
Urease全氮
Total
nitrogen全磷
Total
phosphorus有机碳
Soil organic
carbon碳/氮
C/N碳/磷
C/P氮/磷
N/P 蔗糖酶 1 0.217* 0.145 −0.007 0.481** 0.305** 0.360** 0.029 0.023 0.037 葡萄糖苷酶 1 0.415** 0.167 0.428** 0.241* 0.495** 0.267** 0.201 0.119 碱性磷酸酶 1 −0.044 0.263** 0.227* 0.357** 0.233* 0.05 −0.061 脲酶 1 −0.049 −0.056 −0.084 −0.026 0.03 0.065 全氮 1 0.360** 0.667** −0.099 0.198 0.360** 全磷 1 0.172 −0.139 −0.579** −0.686** 有机碳 1 0.638** 0.648** 0.401** 碳/氮 1 0.648** 0.184 碳/磷 1 0.84** 氮/磷 1 　　注：*代表显著相关（P < 0.05）; **代表极显著相关（P < 0.01） [1] 程才, 李玉杰, 张远东, 等. 石漠化地区苔藓结皮对土壤养分及生态化学计量特征的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(24): 9234 − 9244. [2] 张元明, 王雪芹. 荒漠地表生物土壤结皮形成与演替特征概述[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(16): 4484 − 4492. [3]

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