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上海崇明东滩互花米草生态控制与鸟类栖息地优化工程

花匠小妙招
2025-05-06 01:07

上海崇明东滩互花米草生态控制与鸟类栖息地优化工程

上海市崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区管理处

详细信息

作者简介:

汤臣栋(1977-),男,主要从事湿地保护区管理和生物多样性恢复方面的工作。E-mail:tangchendong@dongtan.cn

中图分类号:Q16

Ecological Control of Spartina alterniflora and Improvement of Birds Habitats in Chongming Dongtan Wetland, Shanghai

Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve,Shanghai

摘要

摘要:崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区是迁徙水鸟的重要栖息地。近10余年来,保护区面临着互花米草Spartina alterniflora的入侵、鸟类栖息地退化、土著植被萎缩等生态问题。通过实施崇明东滩互花米草控制和鸟类栖息地优化工程,新建了25 km长的围堤从空间上阻断了互花米草扩张途径,并形成了“围、割、淹、晒、种、调”的生态治理方针。工程在鸟类栖息地优化区内营造了鸻鹬类主栖息区、苇塘区、雁鸭类主栖息区、鹤类主栖息区和科研监测管理区,并总结出各生境类型的地形要素与群落要素配置特点与管理要求。工程还支持了潮间带滩涂土著植物海三棱藨草Scirpus mariqueter的种群重建与复壮任务。最后,通过规范工程的后续管理和成效监测,为保护区的后期建设规划和科学管理提供了实践经验。

Abstract:Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve(a Ramsar wetland) servers as an important habitat for the international migrants and resident birds. However, the reserve was confronted with the ecological risks of invasion by Spartina alterniflora, degradation of bird habitats and shrinking of native vegetation. By implementing the project of ecological control of Spartina alterniflora and improvement of birds habitats, a 25-kilometre-long dike has been built in order to cut off the route of expansion of S. alterniflora, and the controlling strategy of “enclosure, cutting, inundation, solarization, cultivation, adjusting” was conducted successfully. After the eradication of S. alterniflora, shorebirds habitats, reed beds, waterfowl habitats, cranes habitats and monitoring zone were constructed for improvement of bird habitats, and the configuration characteristics and management requirements of each habitat type were summarized. At the same time, the project also supported re-vegetation practices of native Scirpus mariqueter at the intertidal flats. Standardized follow-up management activities and monitoring of effectiveness of the project will, provide practical experiences for developmental planning and scientific management of the Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve.

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参考文献(11)

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