中国产紫苏果实形态特征研究张琛武 [摘要]该文对55份中国产紫苏的果实形态特征(粒径、百粒重、颜色、硬度、表面脊纹高度)进行了描述和统计分析。经聚类分析可以分为6个大类,分别是:Ⅰ,大粒(粒径15 mm以上及百粒重016 g以上),脊纹低,硬;Ⅱ,大粒,脊纹低,软;Ⅲ,大粒,脊纹高,软,白色;Ⅳ,大粒,脊纹高,灰褐色或深褐色; Ⅴ,小粒(粒径15 mm以下及百粒重016 g以下),脊纹低,硬,多深褐色;Ⅵ,小粒,脊纹低,硬,黄棕色。其中38份果实种植后获得植株,其中31份可归为紫苏变种,4份回回苏变种,3份野生紫苏变种; 从紫苏叶化学型归类,29份为PK型,3份PA型,2份PL型,2份PP型,1份EK型,1份PAPK型。符合药典规定形态的药材紫苏子来自于栽培紫苏,但来自栽培紫苏的紫苏子不一定都符合药典规定的形态特征。具白色果皮的白苏子主要来自于紫色叶的栽培紫苏。小粒、脊纹低、质地硬、黄棕色或深褐色的果实形态具有较大可能为PA型紫苏,且主要为回回苏变种。 [关键词]紫苏果实; 形态; 聚类分析; 多元主成分分析; 挥发油化学型; 紫苏子 [Abstract]The morphological traits of 55 Chinese Perilla fruit samples (size, 100 grains weight, color, hardness, surface ridge height) are described and the statistically analyzed. It can be divided into 6 categories by cluster analysis, namely: Ⅰ, big grain (diameter 1.5 mm above and 100 grains weight above 0.16 g), low ridge, hard; Ⅱ, big grain, low ridge, soft; Ⅲ, big grain, high ridge, soft, fruit; Ⅳ, big grain. high ridge, gray brown or dark brown; Ⅴ, small grain (diameter 1.5 mm below and 100 grain weight 0.16 g below), low ridge, hard, dark brown; Ⅵ, small grain, low ridge, hard, yellow brown. The 38 fruit samples were planted, among which 31 ones were P. frutescens var. frutescens, 4 ones P. frutescens var. crispa and 3 ones P. frutescens var. acuta. By chemotype classification, they were 29 PK type, 3 PA type, 2 PL type, 2 PP type, 1 EK type and 1 PAPK type. According the description of herb Perillae Fructus in China Pharmacopoeia, the plant originates from P. frutescens var. frutescens. In contrast, not all fruits of P. frutescens var. frutescens have accord features. The fruits with white pericarp are mainly from P. frutescens var. frutescens with purple leaves. The materials with small grain, low ridge, hard, yellow brown or dark brown, are likely to be PA type and mainly P. frutescens var. crispa. [Key words]Perilla fruit; morphology; cluster analysis; multiple principal component analysis; chemical type of volatile oil; Perillae Fructus 紫?KPerilla frutescens(L)Britt是唇形科
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