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花匠小妙招
2024-10-30 16:05

丁香属桃金娘科，拉丁学名是Eugenia caryophyllata，晒干的花苞散发出浓郁香气。丁香树原生于印度尼西亚，是常绿植物，可长至10-12米高，喜热带阳光下的阴凉环境。

金字塔形状的树全身可萃取精油，但以花苞萃取的更为珍贵和芬芳。丁香树叶片硕大，花朵呈簇状，初始开白花，逐渐变成绿色至亮红色后即可采收。下面是来自丁香生产公司的描述：

“丁香树长到6-8年时首次采收，采摘的时间非常严苛，须在花苞变紫或深红色之前，正确的采摘时间是花朵外面的绿色叶片从橄榄绿变成粉黄色，在花瓣凋零露出雄蕊之前。” https://shikomebiz.com/herbs-and-spices-Cloves/

丁香的英文名“clove”源自拉丁单词“clavus”，意为“指甲”，它的花苞有点儿像不规则的小指甲。“caryophyllata”源自古希腊语căryon，意为坚果，phyllos意为叶片。的确，丁香开花时枝干上会长出很多坚果和叶片……手工采摘后，花苞被晒干直至变成棕色。水蒸气蒸馏干燥的丁香花苞可得到精油，大约50公斤丁香花苞可萃取1公斤精油。

丁香的历史

丁香是东南亚古老的药用植物之一，在中国的应用历史也已超过2000年，在欧洲罗马帝国末期常与肉豆蔻、胡椒并用。丁香的价值曾堪比黄金，15世纪末期，1公斤的高品质的香料约等价于7g黄金。中世纪的葡萄牙、西班牙及荷兰主导着香料贸易。因香气浓郁易于保存食物，丁香需求量极大。17世纪初，荷兰统治了香料贸易并摧毁了印度尼西亚所有的丁香树只留下他们控制的岛屿。没有了丁香树和丁香花苞的保护，流行病大爆发。1770年，法国成功的在毛里求斯岛上种植了丁香，随后，圭亚那、巴西、桑给巴尔及西印度群岛的大部分地区也开始栽种丁香。

如今，丁香的主要种植地是奔巴岛，奔巴岛与桑给巴尔岛同属坦桑尼亚。岛上布满了丁香园，在那里丁香随处可见，甚至在附近的船只上就能闻到丁香的气味。马达加斯加也是丁香花苞和丁香精油的主要产地。

强大疗愈潜力

在中国和日本文化中，丁香作为焚香发挥了重要的作用，亚洲各地的人们都喜欢在焚香时加入丁香，起到驱虫并驱赶负能量的效用。在中国唐朝的宫廷仪式中也离不开丁香，官员在接近皇帝时需口含丁香，气息香甜同时起到抑菌的作用。丁香在现代香水及漱口水等行业中也占一席之地。皮肤护理方面，稀释到低浓度后可促进肌肤愈合。

在阿育吠陀、传统中医及西方药草学中丁香是公认的缓解牙痛的植物，这点在补牙及根管治疗上已得到证实。研究发现，在阻止环境污染、关节发炎等方面，丁香也已显示出其效用。

希尔德加德·冯·宾根，12世纪德国知名修道院院长、神学家，认为丁香可处理痛风、头晕及打嗝问题，并有益于安全分娩。那个时代的助产士们同样精通药草学，她们会用丁香助产。首先是用含丁香的液体帮助子宫放松，并可缓和阻滞的情感，这点对顺畅呼吸和顺利生产非常重要；其次，丁香的净化的特质可保护产妇和胎儿免遭炎症和产褥热。在经验丰富的助产士的照料下产妇们可安全的度过生产期而一些去医院的产妇却常因为产褥热而过世。

芳香疗法中，消化问题上如需要温暖或激励，会用到丁香精油，涂抹于胃部或腹部可起到促进肠胃蠕动或驱风的效用，可2滴精油稀释到3汤匙基础油中，不可过量。

在心理层面，遭遇固着或强迫状态下及无法化解的冲突时，丁香的放松特质可以是很好的，它能强化神经系统带来宽恕，或许这种特质与隐藏在花苞内的太阳能量有关。

丁香这种热带植物精油中蕴含了巨大的火元素。在芳香疗法中，没有什么在这方面更胜丁香一筹，这也同时意味着，丁香的用量不要太多，尤其是Pitta型人。

在阿育吠陀疗法中“丁香可有效的处理多种问题，只需咀嚼几朵丁香花苞就可缓解咳嗽及喉咙不适。”

https://svasthaayurveda.com/the-powerful-healing-properties-of-Clove/

当体内需要火元素时，丁香这种炽热的精油是不错的选择。当感到疲倦、昏沉、缺乏动力或缺乏消化之火时，可局部使用稀释后的丁香。丁香精油对消化、生殖、泌尿、呼吸及神经系统皆有益处。

在中国的传统中医里，丁香与阳性能量相连，其中文名“丁香”多用于男名，有“方向”之意。的确，丁香增加了体内的阳气并与肾脏、脾脏及胃有关。再强调一次，丁香精油不适合阳性能量太强的人而适合阴阳不平衡的人。

主要成分

丁香花苞精油含丁香酚、乙酸丁香酯、丁香油烃、异丁香油烃，其中丁香酚占72-90%，它也是丁香香气的主要来源。深黄棕色的精油散发出辛辣的胡椒般的气味，气味浓郁。

丁香酚 81.93%

乙酸丁香酯 13.41%

β-丁香油烃 3.51%

α-蛇麻烯 0.42%

丁香油烃氧化物 0.22%

丁香精油是不多的密度大于水的精油，密度约为1.04-1.07，如将1滴丁香精油滴入到水中，它是会沉底的。

主要功效

可作用于心脏及植物神经系统

调节身心灵并帮助恢复活力

须低剂量，重复使用可能导致兴奋及神经衰弱。

实用配方

√皮肤寄生虫（D.BAUDOUS）

丁香 1ml

印度藏茴香 3ml

茶树 2ml

百里酚百里香 2ml

用法：混合后取3滴，局部涂抹，每天2-3次，持续2-3周。

√成人龋齿（DR TELPHON）

丁香 1滴

黑胡椒 1滴

肉豆蔻 1滴

用法：滴在棉球上按压到龋齿处，一天数次。

√成人口腔溃疡、牙龈炎、口腔炎（NARD）

丁香 1ml

月桂 4ml

侧柏醇百里香 3ml

茶树 2ml

用法：2-3滴局部使用，每天5次。

√感染性腹泻（BAUDOUX）

皮肤吸收

丁香 5ml

胡椒薄荷 3ml

热带罗勒 3ml

肉桂皮 0.5ml

榛果油 5ml

用法：混合后取8滴涂抹于腹部及下背部，前4小时每小时1次，之后每天4次。

√偏头痛

丁香 1滴

胡椒薄荷 1滴

穗花薰衣草 1滴

白千层 1滴

基础油如甜杏仁油 10-15滴

山金车或圣约翰草浸泡油 10-15滴

用法：混合后取适量轻柔的按摩太阳穴及后颈部。

√低血压（Tisserand）

龙脑迷迭香 1ml

穗花薰衣草 1ml

丁香花苞 1ml

胡椒薄荷 1ml

月桂 1ml

用法：上述精油混合后稀释到50ml榛果油或荷荷芭油中按摩。

实证经验

“丁香简直太棒了！我曾经牙痛的厉害，用丁香精油几次就好了。纯精油不能直接涂抹，会灼伤皮肤、牙龈及嘴唇。我是以20-30%的比例稀释到橄榄油里用棉签涂抹在牙齿上，需要时也会涂在牙龈及疼痛处周围，每天几次连续使用两天严重的牙痛就消失了。”

参见

https://www.amazon.com/NOW-Clove-Oil-Fl-Oz/product-reviews/B0019LRY44?reviewerType=all_reviews

“我喜欢精油，也会用精油护肤及处理日常的小问题。丁香无疑是首选精油之一，在缓解肌肉疼痛及放松的配方中，丁香是不可少的。”

“洗衣时加几滴丁香能让衣物更清新；加到洗洁精中可起到抑菌的效用；基础油稀释后涂抹在伤口上能加速肌肤修护（但不要给猫等小动物，它们的肝脏无法分解）。”

https://www.amazon.com/NOW-Clove-Oil-Fl-Oz/product-reviews/B0019LRY44?reviewerType=all_reviews

结论

丁香对身心灵皆有益处，它唤醒了点燃梦想、拼搏及行动的内在能量，帮助我们战胜前进路上的重重阻碍，生活的更美好。

注：译文仅供学术交流，健康问题请咨询专业医师。

英文原文

CLOVE oil – healing with tropical fire

Posted by DR. MALTE HOZZEL

CLOVE with its Latin name Eugenia caryophyllata belongs to a tree of the Myrtaceae plant family. Its dried flower buds spread a strong aromatic scent. The tree is native to Indonesia. It belongs to the evergreens and reaches a height ranging from 8-12 m and prefers shadowy places – under tropical suns!

All parts of this pyramidal shaped tree carry essential oils – with the buds yielding the most precious and aromatic ones. The foliage consists of large leaves, and the flowers appear in numerous groups of clusters starting with pale in colour, changing gradually to green and finally into a bright red. This is the time for collecting. Here from a Clove producing company:

“Clove trees are first harvested when the tree is 6-8 years old. The timing of harvest of the Clove buds is critical. The buds should be harvested before the purple or crimson flowers start to develop. The correct time of harvest is when the outer green leaves (the calyx) of the flower bud change from olive green to yellow pink and before the petals fall to expose the stamens.”
https://shikomebiz.com/herbs-and-spices-Cloves/

The English name ‘Clove’ derives from Latin ‘clavus’ which means nail, a name evidently given because the buds show a slight resemblance to tiny irregular nails. “Caryophyllata” stems from ancient Greek căryon = a nut + phyllos = leaf. Indeed, Clove, when in flower, has a lot of “nuts” and leaves on its twigs…. After harvest by hand the Clove buds are dried until they turn brown in colour. The essential oil is obtained through steam distillation of the dried buds. 50 kg of Clove buds yield about 1 l of the essential oil.

A bit of history:

Clove is one of the ancient medicinal plants of South-East-Asia, already used in China more than 2 000 years ago – and in Europe already during the late Roman Empire together with Nutmeg and Pepper. Looking back into history one reads that Cloves were outweighed in gold. In the late fifteenth century 1 kg of this highly valuable spice was around 7 g of gold. In the Middle Ages Portugal, Spain and the Netherands dominated the spice trade. Cloves were highly in demand because their intense flavour helped to preserve food. In the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch had succeeded in conquering the monopoly within the spice trade and ruthlessly destroyed all Cloves trees in Indonesia leaving only those on one controlled island. Shortly after this deforestation epidemics appeared due to lack of trees and the disinfectant qualities of the Clove buds. In 1770 France succeeded in cultivating the tree on the island of Mauritius. Subsequently, its cultivation was also developed in Guyana, Brazil, Zanzibar and most of the West Indies.

The densest area where Clove trees are cultivated today is Pemba, an island which together with Zanzibar is part of Tanzania. Clove is omnipresent on Pemba Island with Clove gardens and plantations everywhere. People say that one can smell Clove already from the ship approaching Pemba Island. Also Madagascar is today an important producer of Clove buds and Clove oil.

A great healing potential:

Cloves play an important role as popular incense within Japanese and Chinese culture. All over Asia people love to take incense blends with Clove because, they are able to dispel insects and dissolve negative vibrations. During the Tang dynasty in China Cloves were part of the court ceremony; the emperor had his government officials take Cloves in their mouths when approaching him, so to sweeten and disinfect their breath. In our modern times Clove oil is not only used in the perfumery industry, but is part in many commercial mouthwash products. As to skin care it is – if used in strong dilutions – helpful to treat poorly healing wounds.

In Ayurvedic, Tibetan and Chinese medicine and after introduction to Europe also in Western herbalism Cloves are an acknowledged remedy to treat dental pains. Within dentistry it has proven its qualities when root canal therapy and temporary fillings are required or gum pain needs relief. Studies on thwarting toxicity in connection with environmental pollutants, joint inflammation have shown evidences.

Hildegard von Bingen, the famous German Benedictine abbess and mystic of the 12th century, describes already Cloves as an efficient medicine against gout, stuffiness in the head, and hiccups. Also safer birth giving was linked to Clove. Midwives, in those times mostly also versed in herbalism, used Cloves to support obstetrics. First to support the birth process itself by making compresses with Clove enriched liquids influencing the uterus to relax. This method also resulted in letting go blocked emotions – so important to allow harmonious breathing and for opening the birth canal. And second it served as an excellent protection for mother and child not to develop inflammations or childbed fever due to Clove functioning as a purifier. Thus it frequently happened that mothers under the experienced care of a midwife safely survived the time of the puerperal whereas those going to a hospital so often died from childbed fever.

Aromatherapy uses Clove oil if stimulation and warming are required particularly in case if digestive complaints are the problem. When applied over the stomach or abdomen the essential oil acts as a carminative by allowing the stomach to support peristaltic. A blending of 3 tablespoons carrier oil together with two drops of the essential oil is recommended. Overdoses should be avoided.

On the psychological level the essential oil unfolds relaxing capabilities in case that fixed or obsessive states of mind or undissolved conflicts are the problem. Furthermore it strengthens the nervous system and promotes the ability for forgiveness. Maybe this effect is due to the concentrated sun power hidden in those little buds.

One thing is clear: Clove oil, stemming from a tropical plant, has caught a huge amount of the fire element in its energy and bio-chemistry. There is hardly any oil more fiery than Clove bud oil in Aromatherapy. This means: the oil should not to be overused – especially for the “Pitta” type in Ayurvedic medicine – and in general to be used carefully for any “dosha” type.

In Ayurveda “Clove can be used in treating a wide variety of ailments with very effective results. It has been known to soothe a cough and sore throat in an instant by simply sucking on a couple of buds.”
https://svasthaayurveda.com/the-powerful-healing-properties-of-Clove/

It is also clear: A fiery oil is good when we need the fire to increase in our system – be it psychological if we feel worn out, lethargic, unmotivated… or be it physiological when stimulation of the digestive tract for example is needed due to lack of our inner AGNI or digestive fire. Then a quick topical application on the stomach. The main body organs or energy channels responding best to Clove oil are the digestive, the reproductive, the urinary, the respiratory, and the nervous system.

In Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Cloves are linked to YANG energy. Its Chinese name “ding xiang” is only given to boys and means also “orientation, direction”. Cloves definitely increase the YANG in us and are considered to be connected to the kidneys, the spleen and the stomach. Again here: Clove oil is not advised to serve as medicine for the person who is too fiery but rather for those where the male energy of YANG is not in balance.

Biochemical compounds, ORAC etc.:

Chemical analysis of Clove bud oil shows eugenol, eugenyl acetate, caryophyllene and iso-caryophyllene as its main components with eugenol making up 72-90% of the ingredients. It is the one compound carrying most of the Clove’s aroma. The deeply yellowish brown essential oil spreads a strong savory, spicy, peppery fragrance. The taste can be called highly intense and aromatic.

Eugenol: 81.93 %

Eugenyl acetate: 13.40%

Beta caryophyllene: 3.51%

Alpha humulene: 0.42%

Caryophyllene oxide: 0.22 %

What is interesting to see – and quite rare with essential oils – is the density of Clove bud oil. It is higher than water, about 1.04 – 1.07. And this means that the oil will sink to the bottom if you put a drop into a glass of water.

Psychologically Clove bud oil:

Acts on the heart and on the neuro-vegetative nervous system

Helps to mobilize physical, mental, and spiritual energy and restores vigour.

The oil should be used in small dosages only. Repeated use can create excitement and nervous exhaustion.

Some recipes:

Skin parasitosis

(D. BAUDOUX)

• Clove: 1 ml
• Ajowan: 3 ml
• Tea tree: 2 ml
• Thymee thymol: 2 ml

3 drops of the mixture, applied locally to the skin condition – 2 to 3 times a day, for 2 to 3 weeks

Caries in adults

(DR TELPHON)

• Clove: 1 drop
• Black Pepper: 1 drop
• Nutmeg: 1 drop

On a cotton bud or a piece of cotton, apply directly to the decayed tooth for as long as possible, several times a day

Mouth ulcers, gingivitis, and stomatitis in adults

(NARD)

• Clove: 1 ml
• Noble Laurel: 4 ml
• Thyme Vulgar CT thujanol: 3 ml
• Tea tree: 2 ml

2 to 3 drops locally – 5 times a day

Infectious diarrhea

(BAUDOUX)

by cutaneous way
• Clove:5 ml
• Peppermint: 3 ml
• Tropical Basil: 3 ml
• Cinnamon bark: 0.5 ml

in carrier oil Hazelnut oil: 5 ml
8 drops on the stomach and lower back, every hour, for the first 4 hours, then four applications per day

Migraine

• Clove: 1 drop
• Peppermint:1 drop
• Spike Lavender: 1 drop
• Cajeput: 1 drop
in a carrier oil like sweet Almond oil: 10 to 15 drops
Arnica or St John’s Wort oil: 10 to 15 drops

Gently massage the temples and the back of the neck

Low blood Pressure (Tisserand)
use oils of

• Rosemary borneone
• Spike Lavender
• Clove bud
• Peppermint
• Bay Laurel

1 ml of each in 50 ml hazelnut oil or Jojoba oil
for massage

Testimonials:

“Clove oil is great. It’s very strong. Had a major toothache, used Clove oil a few times and no more tooth ache. This is 100%, don’t use full concentrate, it may burn your skin, gums, and lips. I mix 20/80 or 30/70 Clove to olive oil and apply to tooth with a cotton swab. I swab around the gums and the aching tooth when needed. I used it a few times a day for two days and the severe tooth ache was gone.”
https://www.amazon.com/NOW-Clove-Oil-Fl-Oz/product-reviews/B0019LRY44?reviewerType=all_reviews

“I love essential oils. I make my own skincare and homemade remedies. Clove oil is definitely one of my go-to oils. I make a massage oil and this ingredient is ‘essential’. It helps relieve muscle soreness and is very relaxing.”

“I add a few drops of Clove oil to every load of laundry now and it really helps freshen my clothes and linens. I also add this to my dish soap to zap fungus and germs as well. If you add this to a carrier oil and apply it to a wound it really speeds healing (just don’t use this on cats and other pets as their liver cannot process many essential oils).”
https://www.amazon.com/NOW-Clove-Oil-Fl-Oz/product-reviews/B0019LRY44?reviewerType=all_reviews

Conclusion:

Clove is truly a medicinal plant with mighty and miraculous activities for the human system – body, mind and spirit. It awakens that energy in us which we need to fire up our dreams, our endeavours, and our actions. It assists us to ward off those energies which try to impede us in our intentions and which – at the same time – are the necessary challengers to make us strong in order to progress in our personal and collective research for a better life on our planet – and in our bodily transitory home.