植物类病毒脱除技术进展
植物保护学报Journal of Plant Protection ,2017 ,44 (2 ):177-184 DOI :10.13802/ki.zwbhxb.2017.2015141 植物类病毒脱除技术进展 胡国君 董雅凤 张尊平 范旭东 任 芳 周 俊* (中国农业科学院果树研究所,国家落叶果树脱毒中心,辽宁兴城 125100) 摘要:类病毒是已知最小的植物病原物,可侵染蔬菜、果树以及花卉等多种农作物,并对农业生产 造成严重影响。目前,对感染类病毒的植株进行脱毒处理是一种有效的防控措施,本文针对果树、 蔬菜和花卉上几种常见的类病毒,综述了茎尖培养、热处理结合茎尖培养、低温处理、超低温处理、 化学处理及不含叶原基的顶端分生组织再生等植物类病毒的脱除技术,分析了不同方法的应用效 果及所适合脱除的类病毒种类,同时展望了类病毒病害在未来植物病害防控中的重要地位,并提出 综合考虑各种因素、制定合理方案、选用适宜方法的类病毒脱除建议。 关键词:植物类病毒;危害;脱除方法 Progress in plant viroid elimination techniques Hu Guojun Dong Yafeng* Zhang Zunping Fan Xudong Ren Fang Zhou Jun (National Center for Eliminating Viruses from Deciduous Fruit Tree, Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning Province, China) Abstract: Viroid is the smallest known agents of plant pathogen and could infect economic importance vegetables, fruit trees and flowers, and induce serious problem. The elimination technique is the major measure to control plant viroid diseases. This thesis summarized the measures applied for plant viroids commonly occurred in fruit trees, vegetables and flowers, including elimination of stem tip culture, ther- motherapy combined with elimination stem tip culture, low and ultralow temperature, chemotherapy and leaf primordia- free shoot apical meristems. The application efficiency and corresponding viroid types of different approaches were analyzed. The importance of viroid diseases in prevention and con- trol of plant disease were elaborated and prospected, also proposed that viroid elimination should com- prehensively consider various factors, formulate reasonable scheme, and select the appropriate method. Key words: plant viroid; damage; elimination methods 类病毒是一类单链、环状、共价闭合、裸露的低
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