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碳汇效应及其影响因素研究进展

花匠小妙招
2024-11-03 10:36

碳中和现已成为全球共识。为实现碳中和目标，除了发展新能源降低碳排放外，提升固碳增汇能力是其重要途径。碳汇可分为海洋碳汇和陆地碳汇两大类。海洋碳汇包括沿海生态碳汇、海水生态碳汇和人工海洋碳汇。其中，沿海生态碳汇主要由海岸植被固碳效应和沿海沉积物负载形成，海水生态碳汇主要由海洋碳泵效应形成，这两种碳汇与季风洋流条件、陆源有机物输入、海岸地理条件和人为活动直接相关，人工海洋碳汇的可行性需要综合考虑对海洋生态的影响。陆地碳汇包括陆地植被碳汇、自然地质碳汇和人工地质碳汇。其中，陆地植被碳汇是通过森林植被、草地植被以及湿地植被等植物的光合作用实现，受气温与降水、大气成分、土地利用变化以及自然干扰等因素的影响。自然地质碳汇主要由土壤碳汇和岩石风化碳汇组成，土壤碳汇受区域植被条件、气候条件和土壤利用等因素影响，而碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩风化作用吸收大气CO2的岩石风化碳汇主要受气温、降水、岩石类型、水文条件以及人类活动的影响。人工地质碳汇是将捕集后的CO2注入地下指定区域进行长期封存形成，其封存能力受地质构造、储盖条件、地热、地层水动力、油气潜力和盆地勘探开发程度等因素的影响。从气候环境、自然资源和社会经济等多种措施有机结合实现固碳增汇，是未来实现碳中和的有效途径。

Abstract

Carbon neutrality has become a topic of global consensus. To achieve carbon neutrality, it is also important to enhance carbon sequestration and sink capabilities, apart from the development of new energy to minimize carbon emissions. Carbon sinks can be divided into marine and terrestrial types. The marine carbon sink is mainly composed of three parts: the coastal ecological carbon sink mainly formed by the carbon sequestration effect of coastal vegetation and coastal sediment load, and the marine ecological carbon sink mainly formed by dissolution and microbial pumps in the ocean. Both are directly related to monsoon oceanic current conditions, terrestrial organic inputs, coastal geographical conditions, and human activity. The feasibility of an artificial oceanic carbon sink depends on its impact on marine ecology. In terrestrial carbon sinks, vegetation carbon sinks are formed by organic carbon generated by the photosynthesis of terrestrial plants, including forest, grassland, and wetland vegetation. The influencing factors include temperature and precipitation, atmospheric composition, land use and its changes, and natural disturbance effects. Natural geological carbon sinks mostly consist of soil and karst carbon sinks. Soil carbon sinks are affected by regional vegetation, climatic conditions, soil utilization, and other factors. Karst carbon sinks are mainly produced by weathering between carbonate and silicate rocks absorbing atmospheric CO2, which is affected by temperature, precipitation, rock type, hydrological conditions, and human activity. An artificial geological carbon sink was formed because the captured CO2 was injected into the designated area underground for storage. The storage capacity depends on the evaluation of geological characteristics, reservoir conditions, oil distribution, and production. For the future, it is necessary to act decisively in climatic, natural resources, the social economy, and other aspects to fix carbon, enhance carbon sequestration, and achieve carbon neutrality.

关键词

碳汇效应 /海洋碳汇 /陆地碳汇 /碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS） /增汇措施{{custom_keyword}} /

Key words

Principle of carbon sink /Ocean carbon sink /Terrestrial carbon sink /Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) /Measures to increase carbon sink{{custom_keyword}} /

杨卫东, 曾联波, 李想.碳汇效应及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2023, 38(2): 151-167 https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2023.004

Weidong YANG, Lianbo ZENG, Xiang LI.Advances in Research of Carbon Sinks and Their Influencing Factors Evaluation[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2023, 38(2): 151-167 https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2023.004