高寒草甸植物群落多样性及土壤因子对坡向的响应
摘要： 坡向是山地的重要地形因子之一，是导致植物群落物种多样性和结构特征产生差异的间接环境因子，它通过改变光照、温度、水分和土壤养分等生态因子而对生物多样性、植物生长发育、生产力以及生态系统功能等产生重要影响。本文研究了青藏高原高寒草甸不同坡向上的植物群落物种多样性变化特点及与环境因子的关系。结果表明: 阳坡阴坡生境梯度上，土壤含水量的变化趋势为阴坡>半阴半阳坡>阳坡，土壤温度和光照度的变化趋势为阳坡>半阴半阳坡>阴坡，土壤养分含量除了全氮和有机碳为阴坡>阳坡>半阴半阳坡外，其他养分总体呈现阴坡>半阴半阳坡>阳坡。阳坡阴坡生境梯度上植物群落物种多样性的变化趋势为:阴坡>半阴半阳坡>阳坡，阳坡的主要功能群是禾草类，而阴坡则是杂草类。相关分析表明，在阴阳坡微生境梯度上，光、热、水、土均影响了物种多样性的变化，而其中土壤含水量是引起这种变化的主要因素。
关键词: 芳烃降解, 适应性, 生物修复, 物种多样性, 遗传多样性
Abstract: As a main topographic factor in mountainous region, slope aspect is an indirect environmental factor inducing the differences of plant community species diversity and structure. Slope aspect can affect light intensity, soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil nutrients, and accordingly, produce important effects on the biodiversity, plant growth, productivity, and ecosystem functions. This paper studied the variation characteristics of plant community species diversity and their relationships with environmental factors on different slope aspects of an alpine meadow on QinghaiTibetan Plateau. In the habitat gradient from southfacing slope to northfacing slope, soil moisture content had a variation trend of northfacing slope > westfacing slope > southfacing slope, light intensity and soil temperature were in the sequence of southfacing slope > westfacing slope > northfacing slope, whereas soil nutrient contents were in the order of northfacing slope > westfacing slope > southfacing slope (except that the contents of soil total N and organic carbon were north-facing slope > south-facing slope > west-facing slope). The plant community species diversity in the habitat gradient was north-facing slope > westfacing slope > south-facing slope. Grasses were the main functional groups on south-facing slope, while forbs were the main ones on northfacing slope. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that light, heat, water, and soil properties all affected the variations of species diversity along the habitat gradient from south-facing slope to north-facing slope, and soil moisture content was the key factor determining the variations of the plant community diversity.
Key words: Aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, Bioremediation, Adaptability, Species diversity
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