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城市热缓解的基于自然的解决方案与实施路径——以北京市为例

花匠小妙招
2024-11-08 17:43

SU Wangxin, CHANG Qing. Nature-based Solutions for Urban Heat Mitigation and Implementation Path Thereof: A Case Study of Beijing[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2022, 29(6): 26-32. DOI: 10.14085/j.fjyl.2022.06.0026.07

Citation: SU Wangxin, CHANG Qing. Nature-based Solutions for Urban Heat Mitigation and Implementation Path Thereof: A Case Study of Beijing[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2022, 29(6): 26-32. DOI: 10.14085/j.fjyl.2022.06.0026.07

城市热缓解的基于自然的解决方案与实施路径——以北京市为例

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（编号 42171097）

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Nature-based Solutions for Urban Heat Mitigation and Implementation Path Thereof: A Case Study of Beijing

China Agricultural University

摘要

摘要: 城市热岛与高温热浪威胁当代人类的生活与健康。基于自然的解决方案（NbS）不仅能够有效应对社会风险挑战、提升人类福祉，还有助于生物多样性保护与区域可持续发展。首先论述了NbS框架下的城市热缓解方案：1）优先识别应对城市热岛与热浪的社会挑战的关键区域；2）基于适宜尺度和面向生态系统完整性提升，进行热缓解方案设计；3）热缓解方案的经济可行性、包容性治理、适应性管理、主流化与可持续性。其次以北京市为例，探索基于NbS的城市热缓解方案设计及其实施路径。结果显示：北京市五环内城市热岛效应明显，区域内地表温度（land surface temperature, LST）对植被和不透水地表等覆被特征的变化响应在600 m×600 m的网格单元最稳定；热单元主要分布在五环内的南部，景观组分特征呈现为集中连片的建筑和不透水地表以及分散的裸地和蓝绿空间斑块；针对不同的热单元应采取适应性的热缓解措施，如分散的裸地型单元适宜采用建设城市森林公园的办法，大型低层建筑型单元适宜采用立体绿化，小型低层建筑型单元适宜“见缝插绿”，交通型单元适宜构建绿道等。研究可为未来基于NbS的城市热缓解方案设计提供科学依据与技术参考。

Abstract: Nowadays, human life and health is under threat of urban heat island and high temperature heat wave. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) can not only effectively address social challenges for improved human well-being, but also contribute to biodiversity protection and regional sustainable development. This research firstly discusses the urban heat mitigation solutions under the framework of NbS from the following aspects: 1) priority identification of key areas in response to social challenges of urban heat island and heat wave; 2) design of heat mitigation solutions based on appropriate scale in combination with ecosystem integrity improvement; 3) economic feasibility, inclusive governance, adaptive management, mainstreaming and sustainability of heat mitigation solutions. After that, the research takes Beijing as an example to explore the design and implementation path of NbS for urban heat mitigation. The results show that the urban heat island effect is quite obvious in the area within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing, and the land surface temperature (LST) within the area shows the most stable response to the characteristic changes of such land cover forms as vegetation and impervious surface at 600 m × 600 m grid cells; heat units are mainly distributed in the south of the aforesaid area, in which the landscape elements are featured by centralized and contiguous buildings and impervious surfaces, and scattered bare lands and green-blue space patches. Adaptive heat mitigation measures shall be taken for different heat units. For example, urban forest park should be adopted for the heat unit of scattered bare lands, vertical greening for the heat unit of large low-rise buildings, alternated greening for small low-rise buildings, and greenway construction for traffic. This research is expected to provide scientific basis and technical reference of NbS for urban heat migration.

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