首页 > 分享 > 不同比例有机肥氮替代无机氮肥对水稻生长及肥料效率的影响

不同比例有机肥氮替代无机氮肥对水稻生长及肥料效率的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-11-19 18:23

摘要：

为明确不同比例有机肥替代化肥在稻田上的应用效果,通过田间试验,以常规施氮量(210 kg·hm-2)为基准,设置了不施氮肥(CK)、常规施肥(T0)、75%氮来源于有机肥+25%氮来源于无机肥(T75)、50%氮来源于有机肥+50%氮来源于无机肥(T50)和25%氮来源于有机肥+75%氮来源于无机肥(T25),共5个处理。分析了不同比例有机肥替代化肥施用条件下对水稻的产量及其构成因素、氮素吸收量、氮肥效率以及表观平衡的差异。结果表明,无论在月山下村还是在毛竹下村,在所有处理中,25%氮来源于有机肥+75%氮来源于无机肥(T25)水稻籽粒产量均是最高的。尽管在月山下村,施氮肥处理间籽粒产量没有显著变化,但在毛竹下村,T25处理产量比T0的显著高8.63%。与不施氮(CK)水稻相比,在月山下村和毛竹下村施氮水稻有效穗数分别显著提高了42.9%~53.8%和32.2%~71.3%。而且在毛竹下村,T25处理有效穗数也比T0的显著高29.6%。在月山下村,尽管T50水稻籽粒氮含量与T0和T75相似,但比T25处理显著高11.9%。T50水稻秸秆氮含量也比T0显著高32.6%。尽管T25水稻秸秆氮含量与T0相似,但比T75和T50处理的分别高了10.7%和14.1%。在月山下村,T75水稻秸秆吸氮量比T0的显著高41.8%。虽然有机替代处理间氮肥效率相似,比T0处理的高26.3%~35.9%,而在毛竹下村T25氮肥表观利用率最高,为26.3%,比T75显著高20.7%。总之,在常规施氮量的条件下,有机替代与全部施用化肥相比,水稻产量略有提高。施氮比例为25%有机肥+75%无机肥的配施方案,其提高水稻产量和氮肥表观利用率的效果最好。

关键词: 水稻, 产量构成, 有机替代, 平衡, 内部利用率, 偏生产力

Abstract:

In order to determine the application effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer in paddy fields, field experiments were conducted based on the conventional nitrogen application amount (210 kg·hm-2). There were five treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilizer (T0), 75% nitrogen from organic fertilizer +25% nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer (T75), 50% nitrogen from organic fertilizer +50% nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer (T50) and 25% nitrogen from organic fertilizer +75% nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer (T25). The effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer on rice yield, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen efficiency and apparent balance were analyzed. The results showed that the grain yield of rice with 25% nitrogen from organic fertilizer and 75% nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer (T25) was the highest in both Yueshanxia village and Maozhuxia village. Although there was no significant change in grain yield in Yueshanxia village, the yield under T25 treatment was 8.63% higher than that under T0 treatment. Compared with CK, the effective panicle number of N-treated rice in Yueshaxia village and Maozhuxia village increased by 42.9%-53.8% and 32.2%-71.3%, respectively. In Maozhuxia village, the effective panicle number of T25 treatment was 29.6% higher than that of T0. In Yueshanxia village, though the grain nitrogen content of T50 was similar to that of T0 and T75, it was significantly higher than that of T25 treatment by 11.9%. The nitrogen content of rice straw in T50 was also significantly higher than that in T0 by 32.6%. Although the nitrogen content of T25 rice straw was similar to that of T0, it was 10.7% and 14.1% higher than that of T75 and T50. In Yueshanxia village, the nitrogen absorption of T75 straw was 41.8% higher than that of T0. Although the nitrogen efficiency of organic substitution treatment was similar, 26.3%-35.9% higher than that of T0 treatment, the apparent nitrogen efficiency of T25 in Maozhuxia village was the highest, 26.3%, and 20.7% higher than that of T75. In conclusion, under the conditions of conventional nitrogen application, organic substitution has a slight increase in rice yield compared with total fertilizer application. The combination scheme of 25% organic fertilizer and 75% inorganic fertilizer had the best effect on increasing rice yield and nitrogen apparent utilization.

Key words: rice, yield components, organic substitution, balance, internal utilization efficient, partial productivity

中图分类号:

S143.1

S511