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我国葡萄植保机械化技术发展现状与对策

花匠小妙招
2024-11-25 05:44

摘要： 目前中国葡萄总产量位居世界第一，种植面积仅次于西班牙。植保作业作为葡萄种植过程中的重要环节，其工作量约占葡萄管理总工作量的30%。我国的葡萄植保作业已基本实现机械化，但主要应用的植保机械还普遍存在农机农艺融合困难、先进施药技术集成度低、智能化机具实用性不足和防治效率低等问题。首先，系统地阐述我国现阶段葡萄的主要种植模式、葡萄植保机械的应用现状和存在问题；然后，从“葡萄专用植保机具的创新与研制”“气雾场的仿真与优化”和“先进植保技术的探索与试验”3个方面出发，对近年来我国葡萄植保机械化技术的研究进展进行综述和分析；最后，根据当前我国葡萄植保机械的发展现状和实际国情，提出未来一段时间内的发展对策与具体措施，以期为提升我国葡萄植保机械化水平提供参考。

关键词: 葡萄, 植保机械, 病虫害防治, 农机农艺融合

Abstract: Currently, China ranks first in the world in terms of total grape production and is second only to Spain in terms of the planted area. As an important part of the grape growing process, plant protection operations account for about 30% of the total grape management workload. Chinese grapeprotection operations have basically realized mechanization, but there are still many problems in the difficulty of agricultural machinery and agronomic integration, the low integration of advanced application technology, lack of intelligent machine utility and poor prevention efficiency for the main application of plant protection machinery. Firstly, this paper systematically described the main patterns of planting grape, the current situation of the application of grape plant protection machinery and the problems that existed. Secondly, the research progress of grape plant protection mechanization technology in China in recent years was reviewed and analyzed from three aspects as follows: innovation and development of special plant protection equipment for grapes, simulation and optimization of aerosol field and exploration and experiment of advanced plant protection technology. Finally, according to the current development status and actual situation of grape plant protection machinery in China, the development countermeasures and specific measures were proposed for a period of time in the future, in order to provide reference for improving the level of grape plant protection mechanization.

Key words: grape, plant protection machinery, pests and diseases control, agricultural machinery and agronomic integration

中图分类号:

S49