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山茶花切花采后生理特性研究

花匠小妙招
2024-11-30 01:10

山茶花切花采后生理特性研究

摘要:试验对山茶花切花采后生理特性进行了研究,结果显示,已开的山茶花在20 ℃ 空气相对湿度60%的环境条件下,插入去离子水中2 d后就萎蔫;未开的花蕾在相同环境下花期能持久一些,但始终不能开放;已开放的山茶花在空气相对湿度近似100%的环境条件下,瓶插寿命可达到4 d,最终花瓣还是脱落;花瓣脱落起因于水势水分传导等原因;所有供试材料在收获后的最初时间所释放的乙烯量都比较低,在山茶花花瓣脱落之前乙烯释放量有一急剧上升的过程,花瓣所呈现的褐色区域与花朵释放的乙烯量呈正相关;用去离子水或0.2 mmol/L的硫代硫酸银溶液处理,可降低乙烯诱导山茶花脱落的速度但对于花瓣褐色坏死斑点的抑制效果不明显

关键词:山茶花;切花;萎蔫;水分;乙烯

Study on Postharvest Characteristics of Camellia japonica

Abstract: The postharvest characteristics of Camellia japonica L. was studied. The results showed that the bloomed camellia would became wilting after being inserted into deionized water at 20 ℃ and 60% relative humidity for 2 d; while flower buds might live longer without blooming under the same conditions. Vase life of bloomed camellias could reach to 4 d when relative humidity was approximately 100% as it would ultimately disblossom due to factors such as water potential, water condution and so on. The content of ethylene released was relatively low in the initial time after harvest in all tested materials; and it had a steep rise before the flowers fall off. There was positive correlation between brown area on petals and the ethylene content released by the flower. The speed of disblossom induced by ethylene could be slowed down by treatment of deionized water or 0.2 mmol/L silver thiosulfate solution, however, brown necrotic spots could not be obviously inhibited.

Key words: Camellia japonica L.; cut flowers; wilting; water; ethylene

山茶花(Camellia japonica L.)为山茶科(Theaceae)山茶属(Camellia L.)常绿灌木或小乔木植物,是中国传统的观赏花卉,其在世界上也是一种很好的盆栽园林植物山茶花的花朵可在植物体上宿存7~10 d,枯萎后整个花朵将变成褐色当山茶花花朵从母体上剪切下来后,如果保存在低温高湿的环境中,则会存活一段时间,否则就迅速枯萎山茶花的这种特性极大地限制了其作为切花的应用,因此专业人士建议在利用山茶花时,可以不带茎或者保存在高湿环境中[1] 研究显示,缺水可导致山茶花提前凋谢[2] 早在20世纪50年代,科研工作者在延长山茶花盆栽花期方面就做了大量的工作,当时研究的重点集中在降低花瓣的水汽压阻止花朵水分的散失等方面近年来,研究人员在切花月季(Rosa hybrida Hort.)试验中发现,保持月季导管的持久导水性可降低月季的萎蔫速度,而且利用杀菌剂也可以防止细菌繁殖堵塞木质部组织的通道发生,从而可延长切花寿命[3] 这些方法在改善山茶花的花期方面还没有人尝试,因此本次试验探讨了水分与山茶花切花之间的关