环境因子对互花米草定居潮滩的影响分析
摘要： 外来物种互花米草入侵给滨海湿地生态系统带来一系列生态危害.为了探究潮滩环境因子对互花米草入侵的影响，在上海南汇东滩选择了砂质与粉砂质两种不同类型的潮滩，由陆向海移栽互花米草根茎苗，同步监测不同样点高程、水动力、沉积物特性等环境因子及互花米草存活情况.通过冗余分析（Redundancy Analysis，RDA），研究影响互花米草根茎苗定植的主导环境因子.结果表明：（1）临界剪切应力、中值粒径、高程和最大流速对互花米草根茎苗定植有主导作用（P<0.05）.（2）当潮滩类型不同时，影响互花米草根茎苗定植的主要环境因子也有所不同，具体表现为在北部砂质潮滩上，高程和中值粒径是影响互花米草定植的主导因素（P<0.05），高程越高、中值粒径越小，互花米草根茎苗的存活率越高；在南部粉砂质潮滩上，临界剪切应力是互花米草根茎苗定植的主导因素（P<0.05），并与互花米草根茎苗定植存在正相关关系.上述结果对互花米草入侵的机理研究与防控管理具有理论价值与指导意义.
关键词: 互花米草, 根茎苗, 入侵, 潮滩, 临界剪切应力
Abstract: The invasion of the exotic plant Spartina alterniflora has caused a series of ecological risks to coastal wetland ecosystems. In order to study the influence of environmental factors on the invasion of S. alterniflora, S. alterniflora rhizomes were transplanted from land to sea on two types of tidal flats (sandy and silty)in Nanhui Dongtan, Shanghai. We monitored environmental factors such as elevation, hydrodynamic conditions, sediment characteristics, and survival rates of S. alterniflora simultaneously. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was used to analyze the dominant factors on the settlement of S. alterniflora. The results showed that:(1) The critical shear stress, median diameter, elevation, and maximum flow velocity had dominant effects on the settlement of S. alterniflora rhizome (P<0.05). (2) The dominant environmental factors that affected S. alterniflora settlement were different on each of the tidal flat types. On the sandy flat (northern), elevation and median diameter were the dominant factors affecting S. alterniflora settlement (P<0.05). The survival rate of S. alterniflora increased with an increase in elevation and with a decrease in sediment median diameter. On the silty flat (southern), critical shear stress was the dominant factor for the settlement of S. alterniflora (P<0.05), and there was a positive correlation between critical shear stress and the survival rate of S. alterniflora. The results of the study have theoretical value and significance in guiding mechanism research, prevention, and control of S. alterniflora invasion.
Key words: Spartina alterniflora, rhizome shoots, invasion, tidal flat, critical shear stress
中图分类号:
Q948.1
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