首页 > 分享 > 饲料中添加螺旋藻对花鲈生长性能、消化酶活性、血液学指标及抗氧化能力的影响

饲料中添加螺旋藻对花鲈生长性能、消化酶活性、血液学指标及抗氧化能力的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-12-14 23:52

摘要:

采用螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)添加量分别为0 (对照组)、1% (T1)、2% (T2)、3% (T3)、4% (T4)和5% (T5)的6组实验饲料，养殖均质量为(25.49±0.20) g的花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus) 8周，研究其对花鲈生长、消化酶、血液学指标及抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示，添加螺旋藻可显著提高花鲈特定生长率和增重率，并显著降低饲料系数(P<0.05)；螺旋藻可以提高花鲈肠道蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)，但对淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均无显著影响；T3、T4和T5组的白细胞数和血红蛋白浓度、T4和T5组的红细胞数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；T4和T5组的总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；T4和T5组的溶菌酶活性、免疫球蛋白M和补体4浓度显著高于其他组(P<0.05)，T3、T4和T5组的总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，T3、T4和T5组的丙二醛浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上，花鲈饲料中螺旋藻的适宜添加量为4%~5%。

Abstract:

Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) with initial body mass of (25.49±0.20) g were fed for eight weeks with six diets containing 0 (control), 1% (T1), 2% (T2), 3% (T3), 4% (T4) and 5% (T5) Spirulina platensis, so as to investigate the effect of S. platensis on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, haematological indices and antioxidant capacity of L. maculatus. The results show that the dietary supplementation with S. platensis improved the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of L. maculates (P<0.05) significantly. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly (P<0.05). The protease activities in S. platensis supplemented groups were significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05), while no significant change was observed in lipase and amylase activities among different groups. Compared with the control, the levels of red blood cell (RBC) increased in T4 and T5 groups significantly (P<0.05), and levels of white blood cell (WBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) in T3, T4 and T5 groups were significantly higher than those of the control (P<0.05). The levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in T4 and T5 groups decreased significantly than those of the control (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in T3, T4 and T5 groups were significantly higher than those of the control (P<0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in T3, T4 and T5 groups were significantly lower than those of the control (P<0.05). It is suggested that the suitable S. platensis supplementation level in diet of L. maculates is 4%−5%.

表 1 基础饲料组成及营养水平 (干物质基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diet (dry mass basis) %

原料
ingredient 质量分数
mass fraction 原料
ingredient 质量分数
mass fraction 鱼粉 fish meal 40 维生素预混料b vitamin premix 0.5 大豆浓缩蛋白 soy protein concentrate 17 氯化胆碱 choline chloride (50%) 0.3 豆粕 soybean meal 3 维生素C vitamin C 0.5 啤酒酵母 brewer's yeast 3 总和 total 100 面粉 wheat flour 26 营养水平 nutrient levels 鱼油 fish oil 8 水分 moisture 9.97 大豆卵磷脂 soy lecithin 1 粗蛋白 crude protein 44.34 甜菜碱 betaine 0.5 粗脂肪 crude fat 11.87 矿物质预混料a mineral premix 0.2 灰分 ash 8.43　注：a. 矿物质预混料 (mg·kg–1饲料)： NaF 4，KI 1.6，CoCl2·6H2O (1%) 100，CuSO4·5H2O 20，FeSO4·H2O 160，ZnSO4·H2O 100，MnSO4·H2O 120，MgSO4·7H2O 2 400，Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O 6 000，NaCl 200； b. 维生素预混料 (mg·kg–1饲料)：VB1 25, VB2 45, VB12 0.1, VK3 10, 纤维醇 800, 烟酸200，叶酸1.2，生物素 32，VD3 5，VE 120，乙氧喹 150，泛酸 500，微晶纤维素 14.52　Note: a. mineral premix (mg·kg–1 diet): NaF 4, KI 1.6, CoCl2·6H2O (1%) 100, CuSO4·5H2O 20, FeSO4·H2O 160, ZnSO4·H2O 100, MnSO4·H2O 120, MgSO4·7H2O 2 400, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O 6 000, NaCl 200; b. Vitamin premix (mg·kg–1 diet): VB1 25, VB2 45, VB12 0.1, VK3 10, inositol 800, nicotinic acid 200, folic acid 1.2, biotin 32, VD3 5, VE 120, ethoxyquin 150, pantothenic acid 500, avicel 14.52

表 2 实验饲料组分及营养水平 (干物质基础)

Table 2 Formulation and nutrient levels of experimental diet (dry mass basis) %

项目
item 组别 group 对照组 control T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 基础饲料 basal diet 100 99 98 97 96 95 螺旋藻 S. platensis 0 1 2 3 4 5 营养水平 nutrient level 水分 moisture 9.97 9.93 9.89 9.88 9.84 9.83 粗蛋白 crude protein 44.34 44.43 44.52 44.61 44.65 44.71 粗脂肪 crude fat 11.87 11.83 11.79 11.72 11.66 11.62 灰分 ash 8.43 8.41 8.39 8.37 8.34 8.32

表 3 饲料中添加螺旋藻对花鲈生长性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of dietary S. platensis on growth performance of L. maculatus

指标
index 组别 group 对照组 control T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 初始均质量/g initial mean mass 25.60±0.16 25.55±0.15 25.47±0.14 25.54±0.05 25.50±0.12 25.29±0.16 终末均质量/g final mean mass 92.93±1.76a 94.38±1.01ab 96.25±0.85b 98.94±0.16c 106.25±0.22d 107.15±1.59d 增重率/% weight gain rate 262.99±4.59a 269.49±5.09a 277.99±4.03b 287.48±4.72c 316.72±3.03d 323.61±4.54d 特定生长率/%·d–1 SGR 2.15±0.02a 2.18±0.02a 2.22±0.02b 2.26±0.02c 2.38±0.01d 2.41±0.02d 饲料系数 FCR 1.56±0.05b 1.51±0.12b 1.46±0.09b 1.45±0.06b 1.28±0.03a 1.21±0.01a 成活率/% survival rate 98.89±1.92 100±0.00 100±0.00 100±0.00 100±0.00 100±0.00 肝体比/% HSI 0.55±0.02 0.52±0.04 0.49±0.04 0.47±0.01 0.53±0.03 0.55±0.02 脏体比/% VSI 8.06±0.54 7.82±0.23 7.43±0.36 7.55±0.16 7.60±0.16 7.53±0.58 肥满度/g·cm–3 CF 1.73±0.03 1.74±0.03 1.78±0.01 1.75±0.04 1.82±0.05 1.84±0.06 　注：表中同一行数据上标字母不同，表示差异显著 (P<0.05)，下表同此
　Note: Different superscript letters within the same row indicate significant difference (P<0.05). The same case in the following tables.

表 4 饲料中添加螺旋藻对花鲈全鱼营养成分的影响

Table 4 Effects of dietary S. platensis on whole body proximate composition of L. maculatus %

指标
index 组别 group 对照组 control T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 水分 moisture 71.17±1.81 71.73±0.22 70.90±0.18 70.25±1.72 70.75±0.41 70.89±0.11 粗蛋白质 crude protein 16.38±0.62a 16.44±0.43a 16.83±0.52ab 17.34±0.26ab 17.40±0.21b 17.42±0.22b 粗脂肪 crude lipid 7.99±0.35b 7.67±0.21b 7.56±0.32ab 7.36±0.23a 7.09±0.24a 6.91±0.37a 粗灰分 ash 4.45±0.39 4.54±0.25 4.82±0.11 4.61±0.27 4.78±0.21 4.59±0.32

表 5 饲料中添加螺旋藻对花鲈肠道消化酶活性的影响

Table 5 Effects of dietary S. platensis on intestinal digestive enzyme activity of L. maculatus

指标
index 组别 group 对照组 control T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 蛋白酶/U·mg–1 protease 75.27±0.27a 78.41±0.51a 79.14±0.57a 82.05±0.45ab 86.37±0.48b 88.43±0.61b 脂肪酶/U·g–1 lipase 22.41±0.58 23.12±0.57 21.51±0.41 24.58±0.58 23.62±0.53 25.42±0.34 淀粉酶/U·mg–1 amylase 0.13±0.02 0.14±0.03 0.13±0.04 0.15±0.02 0.16±0.04 0.15±0.05

表 6 饲料中添加螺旋藻对花鲈血液生理指标的影响

Table 6 Effects of dietary S. platensis on blood physiological parameters of L. maculatus

指标
index 组别 group 对照组 control T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 红细胞数/109 mL–1 RBC 1.73±0.22a 1.76±0.12a 1.82±0.12a 1.92±0.31ab 2.35±0.35b 2.46±0.28b 白细胞数/106 mL–1 WBC 9.27±0.12a 9.33±0.13a 9.56±0.17ab 9.64±0.16b 9.84±0.17c 10.03±0.22c 血红蛋白/g·100 mL–1 Hb 5.52±0.13a 5.55±0.12a 5.61±0.05ab 5.77±0.11b 5.84±0.13c 5.95±0.11c 红细胞积压/% Ht 43.32±1.22 42.45±1.32 43.37±1.11 43.21±1.28 43.51±1.33 43.39±1.49

表 7 饲料中添加螺旋藻对花鲈血清生化指标的影响

Table 7 Effects of dietary S. platensis on serum biochemical parameters of L. maculatus

指标
index 组别 group 对照组 control T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 总胆固醇/mmol·L–1 TCHO 4.05±0.08b 3.70±0.13ab 3.52±0.22ab 3.41±0.05ab 3.26±0.08a 3.21±0.05a 甘油三酯/mmol·L–1 TG 3.46±0.17c 3.12±0.42bc 3.10±0.12bc 2.75±0.34ab 2.56±0.50ab 2.39±0.22a 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/mmol·L–1 LDL-C 0.75±0.08c 0.65±0.02bc 0.59±0.08bc 0.53±0.04ab 0.47±0.03ab 0.38±0.24a 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/mmol·L–1 HDL-C 2.64±0.03 2.62±0.02 2.56±0.03 2.52±0.04 2.50±0.05 2.49±0.03 谷丙转氨酶/U·L–1 ALT 38.21±2.11 37.82±1.62 38.31±1.21 37.21±1.57 39.31±1.52 39.14±1.36 谷草转氨酶/U·L–1 AST 55.21±2.25 53.15±3.12 54.68±1.36 53.28±1.54 54.21±1.32 54.41±1.87 血糖/mmol·L–1 GLU 9.89±1.05c 6.62±0.32b 5.82±0.16b 4.67±0.37ab 4.07±0.27a 3.83±0.15a 皮质醇/ng·mL–1 cortisol 68.32±1.21 66.13±1.26 67.13±2.25 68.14±1.43 69.81±1.21 68.32±1.23

表 8 饲料中添加螺旋藻对花鲈血清免疫指标的影响

Table 8 Effects of dietary S. platensis on serum immune indices of L. maculatus

指标
index 组别 group 对照组 control T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 溶菌酶/U·mL–1 LZM 82.82±2.14a 84.31±1.54a 88.39±1.56ab 89.21±2.53ab 93.11±1.27b 95.24±2.16b 免疫球蛋白M/mg·mL–1 IgM 12.98±0.36a 13.29±0.26a 15.64±0.74ab 18.69±0.62b 21.89±0.26b 22.63±0.34b 补体4/g·L–1 C4 0.31±0.02a 0.34±0.02a 0.37±0.02ab 0.45±0.02b 0.47±0.01b 0.50±0.03b

表 9 饲料中添加螺旋藻对花鲈肝脏抗氧化状态的影响

Table 9 Effects of dietary S. platensis on hepatic T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and MDA contents of L. maculatus

指标
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