首页 > 分享 > 不同覆盖材料对避雨葡萄园土壤微生物特征及葡萄生长与品质的影响

不同覆盖材料对避雨葡萄园土壤微生物特征及葡萄生长与品质的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-12-15 04:34

为评价不同覆盖材料在避雨葡萄园中的覆盖效果,通过田间试验,采用秸秆(SM)、透明地膜(WM)、反光膜(RM)、地布(CM)4种材料进行地表连续(2017年11月至2018年10月)覆盖处理,以地表裸露为对照(CK),以夏黑葡萄为试材,研究了避雨葡萄园中不同覆盖材料对土壤微生物特征及葡萄生长与品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,地布、透明地膜和反光膜覆盖均可提高0~40 cm土层土壤真菌、细菌数量,降低土壤放线菌数量;4种覆盖材料下土壤微生物生物量碳含量和微生物熵均高于CK,而微生物代谢熵则低于CK;随着生育进程的推进,地布、透明地膜和反光膜覆盖下的土壤有机碳含量呈降低趋势,秸秆覆盖则相反;秸秆和地布覆盖处理可增强土壤呼吸强度,透明地膜和反光膜覆盖处理则降低土壤呼吸强度;4种覆盖材料均可增加葡萄根系活力,促进葡萄叶片及新梢生长,提高葡萄果实内在和外在品质。秸秆覆盖下土壤微生物数量及活性最强,其微生物总量、微生物生物量碳含量、微生物熵及土壤呼吸强度分别较CK显著提高20.27%、51.43%、40.38%、13.52%,而其微生物代谢熵较CK显著降低22.51%;秸秆和反光膜覆盖下葡萄果实品质较佳,二者差异不显著,其果实可溶性固形物分别较CK显著提高14.25%、17.74%。本研究结果为避雨葡萄园覆盖材料的选择提供了理论和实践参考。

Abstract

To explore the mulching effect of different mulching materials in rain-shelter vineyards, a field experiment was designed, and non-mulching (CK) as control, and four mulching materials of Straw Mulch (SM), White Plastic Film Mulch (WM), Reflective Plastic Film Mulch (RM), Ground Cloth Mulch (CM) were treated continuously from November 2017 to October 2018. Taking the summer black grape as the sample, the effects of different mulching materials on soil microbe and grape growth in rain-shelter vineyards were studied. The results indicated that, compared with the control check (CK), by CM, WM and RM treatment, the number of fungi and bacteria in 0~40 cm soil layer could be increased and soil actinomycetes could be reduced; soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial quotient under the four mulching materials were all higher than CK, while microbial metabolic quotient was lower than the control; soil organic carbon under CM, WM and RM treatment showed a decreasing trend and under SM treatment was on the contrary; SM and CM treatment could increase soil respiration intensity, and WM and RM treatment were on the contrary; the four mulching materials could increase the grape root activity, promote the growth of grape leaves and new shoots, and improve the internal and external quality of grape. The quantity and activity of soil microorganism under SM treatment were the strongest, whose total microbial biomass, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial quotient and soil respiration intensity significantly increased by 20.27%, 51.43%, 40.38%, and 13.52%, respectively, while soil microbial metabolic quotient significantly decreased by 22.51% compared with the control; Grape fruit quality was better under SM and RM treatment, but no significant difference was found between them. Compared with the control, the soluble solids of SM and RM treatment significantly increased by 14.25%, and 17.74%, respectively. The experiment results provided theoretical and practical references for the selection of mulching materials in rain-shelter vineyards.

关键词

地面覆盖 /葡萄园 /土壤微生物 /土壤呼吸强度 /果实品质{{custom_keyword}} /

Key words

ground covers /grape orchard /soil microbe /soil respiration intensity /fruit quality{{custom_keyword}} /

参考文献

[1] 魏倩倩, 寇建村, 李尚玮, 方国文, 慕小倩, 韩明玉. 苹果园覆盖白三叶对土壤微生物和营养特性的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2016, 24(3): 544-552
[2] 张亮亮, 罗明, 韩剑, 何贵论, 徐金虹. 南疆枣树-棉花间作对土壤微生物区系及代谢熵的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2016, 28(5): 493-503
[3] 臧逸飞, 郝明德, 张丽琼, 张昊青. 26年长期施肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(5): 1445-1451
[4] Llorente M, Glaser B, Turrión M B.Storage of organic carbon and Black carbon in density fractions of calcareous soils under different land uses[J]. Geoderma, 2010, 159(1): 31-38
[5] 立天宇, 康峰峰, 韩海荣, 高晶, 宋小帅, 于舒, 赵金龙, 于晓文. 冀北辽河源自然保护区土壤微生物碳代谢对阔叶林叶凋落物组成的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(3): 715-722
[6] 赵爽凯. 土壤呼吸主要影响因素的研究进展[J]. 城市地理, 2017(22): 99
[7] 李晓莎, 武宁, 刘玲, 冯宇鹏, 徐旭, 韩惠芳, 宁堂原, 李增嘉. 不同秸秆还田和耕作方式对夏玉米农田土壤呼吸及微生物活性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(6): 1765-1771
[8] Böhme L, Langer U, Böhme F.Microbial biomass, enzyme activities and microbial community structure in two European long-term field experiments[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2005, 109(1/2): 141-152
[9] Yusuf A A, Abaidoo R C, Iwuafor E N O, Olufajo O O, Sanginga N. Rotation effects of grain legumes and fallow on maize yield, microbial biomass and chemical properties of an Alfisol in the Nigerian savanna[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2009, 129(1): 325-331
[10] Li Z W, Nie X D, Chen X L, Lu Y M, Jiang W G, Zeng G M.The effects of land use and landscape position on labile organic carbon and carbon management index in red soil hilly region, southern China[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2015, 12(3): 626-636
[11] 田野, 陈冠铭, 李家芬, 向雄鹰, 刘扬, 李宏杨. 世界葡萄产业发展现状[J]. 热带农业科学, 2018, 38(6): 96-101
[12] 尹晓宁, 刘兴禄, 董铁, 牛军强, 孙文泰, 马明. 苹果园不同覆盖材料对土壤与近地微域环境及树体生长发育的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(1): 83-95
[13] 潘雅文, 樊军, 郝明德, 陈旭. 黄土塬区长期不同耕作、覆盖措施对表层土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(6): 1558-1567
[14] 朱利霞. 不同调控措施对旱作农田土壤碳氮及微生物学特性的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2018
[15] 赵德英. 梨园树盘覆盖的土壤生态效应及树体生理响应研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2013
[16] Kader M A, Senge M, Mojid M A, Ito k. Recent advances in mulching materials and methods for modifying soil environment[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2017, 168: 155-166
[17] 石若夫. 微生物学实验技术[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2017
[18] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000
[19] 吴金水. 土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2006
[20] 刘国生. 微生物学实验技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007
[21] 陈建勋, 王晓峰. 植物生理学实验指导[M]. 广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2015
[22] 王进. 平衡施肥对设施葡萄生长及结果影响研究[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2013
[23] 全国食品工业标准化技术委员会. GB/T 12456-2008 食品中总酸的测定[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009
[24] 全国果品标准化技术委员会. NY/T 2742-2015 水果及制品可溶性糖的测定3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015
[25] 全国食品工业标准化技术委员会. GB 5009.86-2016 食品中抗坏血酸的测定[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017
[26] 房玉林, 孙伟, 万力, 惠竹梅, 刘旭, 张振文. 调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(13): 2730-2738
[27] 李仙岳, 郭宇, 丁宗江, 冷旭, 田彤, 胡琦. 不同地膜覆盖对不同时间尺度地温与玉米产量的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(9): 247-256
[28] 董海强, 李丙智, 王金锋, 王俊峰, 刘富庭, 李雪薇. 不同覆盖方式对苹果树体生长及土壤理化特性的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2015, 24(8): 101-109
[29] 曾洪挺. 反光膜对山区夏黑葡萄栽培的品质影响[J]. 中国南方果树, 2018, 47(5): 151-154
[30] Wang Q J, Lu C Y, Li H W, He J, Sarker K K, Rasaily R G, Liang Z H, Qiao X D, Li H, Mchugh A D J. The effects of no-tillage with subsoiling on soil properties and maize yield: 12-Year experiment on alkaline soils of Northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2014, 137: 43-49
[31] 高美英, 刘和, 秦国新, 乔永胜, 王中英. 秸杆覆盖对苹果园土壤固氮菌数量年变化的影响[J]. 果树科学, 2000(3): 185-187
[32] 张剑, 高宇, 任永峰, 赵沛义, 任冬生, 刁生鹏. 垄膜集雨种植对土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2018, 49(5): 1103-1108
[33] 黄召存, 陈娇, 熊瑛, 王龙昌, 张小短, 邢毅, 马淑敏. 保护性耕作对蚕豆根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(3): 79-85
[34] 张帆, 王晨冰, 赵秀梅, 王发林. 果园垄膜覆盖对土壤微生物生物量碳氮及土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2018, 32(7): 1448-1455
[35] Jin X X, An T T, Gall A R, Li S Y, Filley T, Wang J K.Enhanced conversion of newly-added maize straw to soil microbial biomass C under plastic film mulching and organic manure management[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 313: 154-162
[36] 张艳艳, 赵玮, 庄轶云, 乐章燕. 塑料大棚葡萄生长与气象条件分析[J]. 北方园艺, 2018(20): 62-66
[37] 黄萍, 曹辉, 张瑞雪, 纪拓, 李燕歌, 杨洪强. 苹果根系生理和叶片光合对地面不同覆盖物的差异反应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(1): 160-169
[38] 曹欣冉. 几种覆盖方式对旱地苹果园土壤及树体的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2016
[39] Wang C B, Wang H, Zhao X M, Chen B H, Wang F L.Mulching affects photosynthetic and chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics during stage Ⅲ of peach fruit growth on the rain-fed semiarid Loess Plateau of China[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2015, 194: 246-254