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种植密度和施氮量对不同株高夏玉米产量和氮素利用的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-12-18 20:20

摘要:

目的本研究旨在探讨不同株高夏玉米产量和氮素利用对种植密度和施氮量的响应。

方法以矮秆玉米品种登海 661 (DH661)、中秆品种郑单 958 (ZD958) 和高秆品种鲁单 981 (LD981) 为试验材料，在大田条件下设置 2 个种植密度 (67500 和 82500 plant/hm2) 和 3 个施氮量 (N 0、180 和 270 kg/hm2)，以不施氮为对照，研究种植密度和施氮量对不同株高夏玉米氮素吸收与利用特性的影响。

结果在密度为 82500 plant/hm2 条件下，品种 DH661、ZD958 和 LD981 的籽粒产量分别较 67500 plant/hm2 分别提高 5.0%、10.2% 和 12.5%；施氮 180 和 270 kg/hm2 处理 DH661、ZD958 和 LD981 的籽粒产量差异不显著。高密度条件下 (82500 plant/hm2)，施氮 270 kg/hm2 时 DH661 氮素转运效率和转运氮贡献率较 180 kg/hm2 显著降低，ZD958 和 LD981 变化不显著；低密度条件下 (67500 plant/hm2)，施氮 270 kg/hm2 时 DH661 和 ZD958 氮素转运效率和氮素转运贡献率较 180 kg/hm2 显著提高，LD981 的则显著降低。DH661 的氮素利用效率较 ZD958 和 LD981 分别提高 7.4% 和 39.1%，LD981 的氮素吸收效率较 ZD958 和 DH661 品种分别提高 18.9% 和 25.0%。

结论在低密度 67500 plant/hm2 条件下，增施氮肥，矮秆和中秆品种的氮素转运效率和氮素转运贡献率显著降低，而高秆品种的则提高。高密度 82500 plant/hm2 条件下，增施氮肥，矮秆品种氮素转运效率和氮素转运贡献率显著降低，中秆和高秆品种的无显著变化。

Abstract:

Objectives This study is to investigate grain yield, nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of summer maize with different plant height in response to plant density and nitrogen rate.

Methods Three hybrids: high-stalk (Ludan981, LD981), medium-stalk (Zhengdan958, ZD958) and short-stalk (Denghai661, DH661) were used as experimental materials in a field experiment. Two plant densities of 67500 and 82500 plants/hm2, and three nitrogen rate of 0, 180 and 270 kg/hm2 were designed for each hybrid. The yield, N contents and accumulation were investigated; the N translocation rate and their contribution to yield were calculated.

Results The grain yields of three hybrids DH661, ZD958 and LD981 in density of 82500 plants/hm2 were 5.0%, 10.2% and 12.5% higher than those in density of 67500 plants/hm2, but the differences between N treatment of 180 and 270 kg/hm2 were not significant under the two densities. When the density was 82500 plants/hm2, the nitrogen translocation efficiency (NTE) and nitrogen contribution proportion (NCP) of DH661 in N 270 kg/hm2 were significantly lower than those in N 180 kg/hm2, those of hybrids of ZD958 and LD981 were not varied obviously. When the density was 67500 plants/hm2, the NTE and NCP of DH661 and ZD958 in N 270 kg/hm2 were higher than those in N 180 kg/hm2, but those of LD981 were opposite. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of DH661 was 7.4% and 39.1% higher than those of ZD958 and LD981 respectively, and nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUPE) of LD981 was 18.9% and 25.0% higher than those of ZD958 and DH661, respectively.

Conclusions Under density of 67500 plant/hm2, high nitrogen fertilizer input will decrease the nitrogen translocation efficiency and nitrogen contribution of medium and short stalk hybrids but increase those of high stalk hybrid. Under high density of 82500 plant/hm2, high N fertilizer rate will significantly decrease the two items of short hybrid, but not decrease those of medium and high stalk hybrids.

图 1 种植密度和施氮量对不同株高玉米氮素积累和转运的影响

Figure 1. Effects of plant density and nitrogen supply on nitrogen accumulation and translocation of summer maize

图 2 种植密度和施氮量对夏玉米株高的影响

Figure 2. Effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on plant height of summer maize

图 3 种植密度和施氮量对夏玉米穗位高度的影响

Figure 3. Effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on ear position of summer maize

表 1 种植密度和施氮量对夏玉米产量及其构成因素的影响

Table 1 Effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on grain yield and yield components of summer maize

密度 (plant/hm2) Density 施氮量 (kg/hm2) N rate 品种 Hybrid 千粒重 (g) 1000-grain weight 穗粒数 Kernels No. per ear 穗数 (No./hm2) Ear No. 产量 (kg/hm2) Yield 67500 0 DH661 326 e 480 e 65113 e 10192 e ZD958 300 g 534 b 63199 e 10154 e LD981 363 b 457 f 63109 e 10523 e 180 DH661 352 c 505 d 66260 c 11754 d ZD958 321 e 552 a 64258 d 11355 d LD981 381 a 486 e 65118 c 12076 c 270 DH661 352 c 503 d 66917 c 11829 d ZD958 333 e 553 a 64999 d 11945 d LD981 377 a 500 d 64182 d 12098 c 82500 0 DH661 319 f 416 g 80184 a 10641 e ZD958 298 g 505 d 77215 b 11562 d LD981 356 c 421 g 77752 b 11626 d 180 DH661 345 d 451 f 78764 b 12245 c ZD958 312 f 515 c 77446 b 12412 c LD981 367 b 463 f 78007 b 13236 b 270 DH661 326 e 480 e 80249 a 12566 c ZD958 314 f 521 b 78515 b 12830 c LD981 377 a 463 f 80761 a 14104 a 方差分析 Analysis of variance 密度 Plant density (D) ** ** ** ** 施氮量 N rate (N) ** ** ** ** 品种 Hybrid (H) * * NS NS D × N * * * ** D × H NS NS NS NS H × N ** NS NS NS H × D × N NS NS NS NS 注（Note）：同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异达 5% 显著水平 Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different at 0.05 probability level; *、** 分别表示在 5%、1% 水平差异显著 *、** mean significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels，respectively; NS表示差异不显著 NS means no significance.

表 2 种植密度和施氮量对夏玉米氮素利用的影响

Table 2 Effects of plant density and nitrogen supply on nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer maize

密度 (plant/hm2) Plant density 施氮量 (kg/hm2) Nitrogen rate 品种 Hybrid 氮素农学利用率(kg/kg) NAE 氮素利用效率 (kg/kg) NUE 氮素吸收效率 (kg/kg) NUPE 67500 180 DH661 9.85 d 51.55 a 1.27 c ZD958 11.44 c 44.21 c 1.44 b LD981 16.23 a 37.76 e 1.80 a 270 DH661 8.39 e 46.33 b 0.98 d ZD958 9.57 de 40.23 d 1.10 d LD981 10.97 cd 36.08 e 1.26 c 82500 180 DH661 5.82 f 43.81 c 1.55 b ZD958 3.15 f 43.04 c 1.57 b LD981 13.92 b 41.75 d 1.82 a 270 DH661 8.01 e 43.09 c 1.14 d ZD958 5.72 f 44.58 c 1.09 d LD981 14.38 b 42.57 d 1.31 c 方差分析 Analysis of variance 密度 Plant density (D) ** NS NS 施氮量 N rate (N) NS NS ** 品种 Hybrid (H) ** * * H × D ** * NS H × N NS * NS D × N ** * NS H × D × N NS * NS 注（Note）：同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异达 5% 显著水平 Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different at 0.05 probability level; *、**分别表示在 5%、1% 水平差异显著 *、** mean significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels，respectively; NS 表示差异不显著 NS means no significance. [1]

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