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叶菜机械化收获技术与装备研究进展

花匠小妙招
2025-04-26 21:37

摘要： 叶菜机械化收获是叶菜全程机械化的研究重点和难点，是建立健全完善的叶菜生产全程机械化技术体系的关键。首先分析绿叶菜、香辛叶菜和结球叶菜三大叶菜类别的国内外收获装备的研究现状和发展动态，然后从叶菜机械收获过程出发，探讨收获部件与叶菜的互作过程的研究现状，分别分析“切—挖—拔（割）—送—装”等多个作业环节下的关键机构设计的研究进展，对自动对行、割台仿形等智能化收获技术的研究进展进行阐述。根据我国叶菜生产的具体情况，分析我国叶菜机械化收获存在通用性差、叶菜损伤率较高、机械化程度低、缺少适宜机械化作业的叶菜种植农艺标准等问题，提出构建完整的叶菜生产全程机械化技术体系、实现叶菜收获机械通用化和智能化、坚持自主研发和消化吸收国外先进技术相结合的发展思路。

关键词: 叶菜, 收获装备, 收获技术, 智能化

Abstract: Mechanized harvesting of leafy vegetables is important and difficult in the whole mechanized research of leafy vegetables. It is also the key to establishing and perfecting the whole mechanized technical system of leafy vegetable production. This article firstly describes the research status and development trends of the harvesting equipment of leafy greens, spicy leafy vegetables, and knot ball leafy vegetables at home and abroad and analyzes the gap in leafy vegetables harvesting equipment between home and abroad. Starting from the leafy vegetables mechanical harvesting process, interactions between leafy vegetables and harvest components are discussed. The interaction principle of root cutting shovel and gripping mechanism with leafy vegetables during root cutting and clamping is analyzed emphatically. The research progress of key mechanism design under several operation links, such as “cutting, digging, pulling (cutting), transport, collecting”, is analyzed respectively. The research progress of intelligent harvesting technologies such as automatic row and height automatic adjustment of the cutting table is described. According to the actual circumstances of the leafy vegetable production in China, the problem of leafy vegetables harvest mechanization in our country is analyzed, such as poor versatility, high damage rate of leaf vegetables, low degree of mechanization, and lack of agronomic standards suitable for mechanized operation of leaf vegetables. This paper puts forward the development idea of constructing a complete mechanized technology system for leafy vegetable production, realizing the generalization and intelligentization of leafy vegetable harvesting machinery, and persisting in the combination of independent research and development, digestion, and absorption of foreign advanced technology.

Key words: leafy vegetables, harvesting equipment, harvest technology, intelligentization

中图分类号:

S225.92