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传统民居气候适应性研究

花匠小妙招
2024-09-21 08:24

1、传统民居气候适应性研究T U 2 0 15 西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文传统民居的气候适应性研究专业:建筑与土木工程硕士生:高欢指导教师:杨柳教授摘要传统民居的生态魅力从来都没有消逝过, 从最初的巢居与穴居开始逐渐发展成完整的居住体系。我国传统民居是长期适应气候环境与自然环境的有机产物 ,研究传统民居是从本源出发,发掘其生态潜力。由于传统民居具有丰富多变的建筑形态 ,且地域跨度遍布全国各地 ,作者无法对我国所有的民居进行详细全面的介绍, 所以文章从宏观角度出发 , 通过气候、地理分类法对传统民居进行梳理总结 , 将各地具有代表性的民居罗列介绍 ,在此范围内再选出 7 种典型民居进行深入研究。气候适应性所涉及内容很多,文中主要以人体热舒适为主要评价指标 ,进行气候适应性模拟分析, 模拟内容主要包含三个方面,分别是 :主要区域空间舒适度 PMV 模拟计算 ,逐月不舒适度模拟 , 主要区域能耗量模拟

2、。文章的核心内容就是通过较为系统的数值模拟方法, 客观再现传统民居的室内热环境状况, 将 7 种典型民居进行横向对比 , 量化其优劣程度 ,得出各气候区下的传统民居对当地气候适应性孰强孰弱。同时 ,文中也对各气候区下的城镇居住建筑进行了模拟分析 , 将城镇居住建筑分为两类, 一类是按节能规范要求设置参数的称为标准建筑 ,一类是按常规建造方法设置参数的称为通用建筑。模拟内容与所选典型民居对应 , 通过模拟结果 ,将城镇居住建筑与传统民居进行纵向对比 ,从数据中可以看出传统民居的气候适应性是最具优势的 ,标准建筑虽然舒适性较高, 节能效果显著, 但是依然有大量能耗,通用建筑虽然建造简单但效果却并不理想。本文主要的研究目的就是以人体热舒适为终极目标 ,客观评价民居气候适应性程度 ,与城镇居住建筑对比发现彼此优缺点 , 为居住建筑的可持续发展提供新的思考与启示。

3、关键词:传统民居;气候适应性;模拟;人体热舒适 ;城镇居住建筑课题来源:国家自然科学基金(50978210 )西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 Traditional houses of the climate adaptation research Major :Architecture and Civil Engineering Masters postgraduate :Gao Huan Supervisor :Prof. Yang LiuAbstract Ecological charm of the traditional houses are never entirely disappears from the initial nesting burrowing began to develop into a complete living system. Chinese traditional residential building is long-term adaptation to the organic product of climate environment

4、 and the natural environment, the study of traditional houses starting from the origin, and to explore its ecological potentialAs the traditional houses with a rich and varied architectural form, and the geographical span across the country, the authors were unable to detailed and comprehensive introduction to all of our houses, so the article from a macro perspective, the climate, geography taxonomy traditional houses to sort out summary representative around the houses a brief introduction. Se

5、lected within this range typical residential areas, climate adaptation involved many, the main human thermal comfort as the main evaluation, to climate adaptability simulation analysis, simulation content mainly includes three aspects, namely, the main regional space Comfort the PMV simulation, monthly Comfort simulation, the main area of energy consumption simulation. The core content of the article is more systematic numerical simulation method, objective representation of indoor thermal envir

6、onment of the traditional houses, the typical residential horizontal contrast to quantify the extent of their advantages and disadvantages, obtained under various climatic zones traditional houses of local climate adaptability what the weak strongAt the same time, the paper also on each climate zone of urban residential buildings are analyzed, the urban residential building is divided into two categories, one is according to energy conservation requirements set called the standard construction,

7、one kind is set according to the conventional construction method called universal building. Simulation and the selected typical corresponding, through the simulation 西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 result, the residential architecture and traditional dwellings vertical comparison, it can be seen from the data of climate adaptability of traditional dwelling is the most advantage, standard construction although comfort is based on a large number of high energy consumption basis, general construction while buildi

8、ng a simple but the effect is not the ideal. The main purpose of this paper is from the comfort of the breakthrough, thus as a key to reflect the climate adaptability residence, which is the traditional dwelling house and town residential buildings complementary advantages, to provide the new thinking and Enlightenment for the sustainable development of residential buildingsKey Words :Traditional houses; the climate adaptability; simulation; human thermal comfort ;Urban residential buildings The

9、 study has been granted by the National Natural Science Fund (50978210 )西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文目录 1 绪论 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 存在的问题 2 1.3 研究目的及意义 3 1.4 研究方法和内容 4 1.5 概念限定 5 1.6 国内外研究现状 6 1.6.1 国外研究现状 6 1.6.2 国内研究现状 7 1.7 论文主要研究框架 9 2 民居在各气候区下的分布概况 11 2.1 概述 11 2.2 气候的定义及分类 11 2.2.1 传统意义上的气候. 11 2.2.2 建筑热工中的气候. 12 2.3 热工分区下的民居分布 15 2.3.1 严寒地区下的民居. 15 2.3.2 寒冷地区下的民居. 16 2.3.3 夏热冬冷地区下的民居 16 2.3.4 夏热冬暖地区下的民居 16 2.3.5 温和地区下的民居. 17 2.4 气候与室内热环境 17 2.5 气候与人体热舒适 18 2.6 小结 18 3 民居与气候适应性的关系 19 3.1 概述 19 3.2 主要气候要素对民居的影响. 20 3.2.1 太阳辐射 20 3.2.2 空气温度 20I 西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 3.2.3 空气湿度 21 3.2.4 自然风. 21 3.2.5 降水 22 3.3 民居设计要素对气候的适应性. 22 3.3.1 民居建筑选址与布局. 22 3.3.2 民居建筑结构. 23 3.3.3 民居建筑构造. 24 3.3.4 民居建筑材料. 25 3.3.5 民居建筑节能. 25 3.4 民居气候适应性的模拟方法 25 3.4.1 室内热环境分析指标体系 25 3.4.2 逐月不舒适度分析 28 3.4.3 空间舒适度 PMV. 29 3.4.4 能耗模拟分析. 30 3.5 小结 31 4 典型民居适应性模拟分析 33 4.1 概述 33 4.2 严寒气候区典型民居 ? 东北矮屋 34 4.2.1 东北气候环境与地域范围 34 4.2.2 矮屋建筑特征. 34 4.2.3 矮屋气候适应性 35 4.2.4 矮屋室内热环境模拟参数设置 35 4.2.5 空间舒适度 PMV 模拟状况 3

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